环境规制工具对环境友好型技术创新的区域性影响——以氢燃料电池技术为例

为了明确不同类型环境规制工具是否以及如何影响环境友好型技术创新,从而为环境规制政策制定提供有力依据,以氢燃料电池技术为例,基于中国2004—2017年省际面板数据,采用Sys GMM法进行实证检验,在此基础上,利用SPSS软件进一步将全国样本分为环境友好型技术创新高水平地区、中等水平地区以及低水平地区,检验环境规制工具影响环境友好型技术创新的区域性差异。结果显示,3种环境规制工具对环境友好型技术创新呈现出显著正向影响,且在环境友好型技术创新高水平地区,市场激励型和公众参与型环境规制工具的正向促进效应显著,但命令控制型环境规制工具并未对环境友好型技术创新形成有效激励;在环境友好型技术创新中等水平地区,市场激励型环境规制工具对环境友好型技术创新的负向影响显著,其余两种规制工具的激励效应不显著;在环境友好型技术创新低水平地区,仅有命令控制型环境规制工具显著影响环境友好型技术创新且表现为负向作用。

Environmental Regulation Tools and the Regional Influence on the Environmentally Friendly Technological Innovation:By Taking Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology as an Example

In order to define the different types of environmental regulation tools whether and how to influence the environmentally friendly technological innovation, so as to provide a strong basis for the formulation of environmental regulation policies, this paper takes hydrogen fuel cell technology as an example, it used the system GMM method to make an empirical test with the provincial panel data of China from 2004 to 2017. The results show that the three kind of environmental regulation tools have a significant positive impact on environmentally friendly technological innovation. On this basis, this paper further divides the national sample into high-level、medium-level and low-level regions of environmentally friendly technological innovation based on cluster analysis to examine the regional differences in environmentally friendly technological innovations made by environmental regulation tools .The results show that in areas with high levels of environmentally friendly technological innovation, market-incentive and public-engaged environmental regulation tools are obvious positive effects, but command-controlled environmental regulation tools have not formed effective incentives for environmentally friendly technological innovation; market-incentive environmental regulation tools in regions with higher levels of technological innovation have a negative impact, while the incentive effects of the remaining two tools are not significant; in the areas with low levels of environmentally friendly technological innovation, only command-controlled environmental regulation tools have negative influences.