中国农民专业合作社空间格局及其影响因素

目的 探索农民专业合作社的地域分异特征及其影响因素，对农业转型升级与乡村振兴战略实施有重要参考价值。方法 文章基于农民专业合作社工商注册数据，运用探索性空间分析方法和地理探测器分别从自然本底、资源禀赋、地理区位、经济基础等方面分析区域环境因素对农民专业合作社空间分布的影响。结果 （1）中国农民专业合作社主要分布在胡焕庸线东南部，其分布密度呈现以黄淮海平原为中心，圈层式向外递减特征。（2）中国农民专业合作社以种植业合作社和畜牧业合作社为主，两者占所有合作社的83.39%。（3）不同类型专业合作社呈现差异化空间分布特征。其中，种植业合作社集中分布在黄淮海平原和江汉平原，林业合作社集中分布在吕梁山、武夷山等主要山脉附近，畜牧业合作社集中分布在豫中、湘黔、甘陕等地区，渔业合作社集中分布在江汉平原、鄱阳湖和太湖周边区域；辅助业合作社集中分布在黄淮海平原、长江中下游平原和东北平原。（4）地理探测器结果表明，农民专业合作社分布是多种因素综合作用的结果，其中资源禀赋和自然本底对农民专业合作社分布解释力相对较强，社会经济基础次之，地理区位最小。然而，各主要因素对不同地区和不同类型专业合作社分布的影响大小有所差异。结论 上述研究结论可为不同地区因地制宜优化各种类型农民专业合作社分布、调整乡村产业结构和实现乡村产业振兴提供科学参考。

SPATIAL PATTERN OF CHINESE FARMERS' PROFESSIONAL COOPERATIVES AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS

Exploring the geographic differentiation characteristics of farmers'' professional cooperatives and their influencing factors has important reference value for the implementation of agricultural transformation and upgrading and rural revitalization strategy. Based on the industrial and commercial registration data of farmers'' professional cooperatives, this research applied the exploratory spatial analysis methods and geographic detectors to analyze the influence of regional environmental factors on the spatial distribution of farmers'' professional cooperatives from the aspects of natural background, resource endowment, geographic location, and economic foundation, respectively. The results were listed as follows. (1) China''s farmers'' professional cooperatives were mainly distributed in the southeast of Hu Huanyong Line, and their distribution density showed the characteristics of circle-type decreasing outward with the Huanghuaihai Plain as the center. (2) Chinese farmers'' specialized cooperatives were mainly planting cooperatives and animal husbandry cooperatives, which accountedfor 83.39% of all cooperatives. (3) Different types of specialized cooperatives showed differentiated spatial distribution characteristics. Among them, planting cooperatives were concentrated in the Huanghuaihai Plain and Jianghan Plain, forestry cooperatives were concentrated in the vicinity of major mountain ranges such as Lvliang Mountain and Wuyi Mountain, animal husbandry cooperatives were concentrated in the areas of Yuzhong, Xiangqian and Gan-Shaan, and fishery cooperatives were concentrated in the Jianghan Plain and the areas around Poyang Lake and Taihu Lake; and auxiliary cooperatives were concentrated in the Huanghuaihai Plain, the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, and the northeastern plains. (4) The results of the geographic detector showed that the distribution of farmers'' specialized cooperatives was the ressult of a combination of factors, among which resource endowment and natural background had relatively strong explanatory power for the distribution of farmers'' specialized cooperatives, followed by socio-economic foundation and geographic location. However, the magnitude of the influence of each major factor on the distribution of different regions and different types of specialized cooperatives varied. Therefore, the above findings can provide scientific references for optimizing the distribution of various types of farmers'' professional cooperatives in different regions according to local conditions, adjusting the rural industrial structure and realizing the revitalization of rural industries.