新疆新型农业经营主体空间分异测度与分析

目的]新型农业经营主体,是新型农业经营体系的重要组成部分。对新疆主要新型农业经营主体,即农民专业合作社、农业产业化龙头企业和家庭农场发展的现状、空间分异规律进行系统分析,对推动新疆农业经营主体健康发展、制定扶持政策和缩小地区间差异具有重要指导意义。方法]该研究采用泰勒指数法,以各地区农业人口数作为权数,分别运用各类新型农业经营主体的数量、平均经营收入两项指标从不同角度测度新疆经营主体空间分异现象。结果](1)地带内部差异仍是构成规模总体差异的主要部分,且地带内部差异占总体差异的比重家庭农场最大(89%),龙头企业次之(70%),农民专业合作社最小(66%)。(2)2006年以来新疆农民专业合作社、龙头企业在南、北、东疆区域间的发展趋于平衡,但各区域内部发展不均衡的问题凸现出来。(3)新疆家庭农场平均经营能力地区间差异大于农民专业合作社的,且两类经营主体经营能力的空间分异明显大于规模的。(4)农业产业化龙头企业的经营能力最强,农民专业合作社居中,家庭农场最弱。各区域同类经营主体经营能力差距也很显著。南、北疆农民专业合作社经营能力较强,而东疆的家庭农场经营能力较强。结论]目前新疆新型农业经营主体空间分布差异较大,各级政府必须加快推进各区域均衡发展。

MEASURE AND ANALYSIS ON SPACE DIFFERENTIATION OF XINJIANG AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT BODY

The new type of agricultural management main body is important for the agricultural development. The systematic analysis of the development situation and spatial differentiation laws of the main new type of agricultural management body in Xinjiang, such as farmers'' professional cooperatives, agricultural industrialization leading enterprises, and family farm, had important guiding significance on promoting the healthy development of Xinjiang agricultural management main body. Taylor index method and agricultural population in the area as a weight were used. The results showed that: (1) the difference was the largest for family farms (89%), following by leading enterprises (70%), farmers'' professional co-operatives (66%). (2) The development of Xinjiang farmers'' professional co-operatives and leading enterprises balanced among south, north, and east region since 2006, but the development in each region was imbalance. (3) the average family farm management ability was greater than the farmers'' professional co-operatives, and two types of management main body ability showed significant differentiation.(4) the business ability of agricultural industrialization leading enterprises was the strongest, followed by farmers'' professional co-operatives, and the family farm. The farmers'' professional co-operatives management ability was stronger in south and north Xinjiang, while the family farm management ability was stronger in east. It put forward that it should accelerate the balanced development of all regions due to the spatial distribution differentiation of the new type of agricultural management main body in Xinjiang.