中国人的“大公平观”及其社会运行模式

同西方正义与公平理论相比较，中国人的公是在私的反面提出来的，其不确定性导致它需借助于天道观演化来表现。中国思想家对天道的不同设定导致了大公平观内部的张力。反映在社会建构上，即是等级性与开放性并列运行。由于大公平观中的“公”具有无归属性的特征，因此它在分享性和时运方面都有自身的特点，并导致了中国历史中的许多重大事件都是以其为基础的，而中国当代社会中的重大问题也是这一传统的延续。

The Chinese Conception of Fairness and Its Mode of Social Operation

Compared with Western theories of justice and fairness, the Chinese idea of fairness was put forward as an antithesis to selfishness. Its volatile definition coincides with the evolving idea of the way of heaven upon which it relies for its expression. The discrepancies among Chinese scholars concerning the way of heaven have characterized the internal tension of the concept of fairness, and have resulted in the co-existence of stratification and openness in Chinese social construction. Because the ＂public＂ component in the concept of fairness has no definite denotation, it has its own characteristics in terms of sharing and timing. This has been the basis for many major incidents in Chinese history, and is still the cause of the serious issues facing China＇s contemporary society.