Opportunities and challenges of Russian high-technology complex modernization

The article examines the status and trends of Russian science-intensive and high-technology complex development after the implementation of anti-crisis measures, and provides a comparative assessment of the sector condition with the general situation in Russian economy. It is suggested that the key challenges of modernization should be the reintegration of the institutional structure of the national economy reproduction and reindustrialization of country. In addition the paper put forward the hypothesis that formation of high-technology industries, national innovation systems, and modernization processes are common in nature and based on the emergence and development of capital new forms.