农村留守家庭的结构特征与区域差异——基于6省30县抽样调查数据的分析

我国快速城镇化进程中伴随着日益凸显的留守家庭问题,核心成员的迁出对家庭结构和功能产生影响,不同留守群体置于特定类型、特定区域,问题亦会有所不同。基于全国6省30县2378个农村家庭实地调研数据的分析,大量劳动力外出务工在农村地区形成了近半数的留守家庭及留守人口,留守老人、留守儿童、留守配偶三类弱势群体分别占留守人员总体的10-20%,以空巢家庭、单亲家庭和结构比较复杂的家庭为主要类型。作为区域差异的例证,四川省、江苏省、吉林省分别代表西部、东部和东北地区,倾向于形成三种独特的留守模式,其中西部省份留守家庭比例高,留守群体数量大,留守家庭问题更显突出。

The Structural Character and Spatial Disparity of Left-behind Families in Rural China: Evidence from a Nationwide Survey in 30 Counties

Massive migration of rural residents into urban areas is a well-known phenomenon observed in contemporary China. During the rapid development of urbanization, a unique pattern has emerged that a vast number of floating rural workers have appeared in cities without their families migrating together. So the issue of left-behind family has become eversincesevere.The absence of crucial family member makes impacts on the families'structure and function, and thespecific problem varies according to the particular location andsituation. Based on a fieldsurvey in 30 counties in China, this paper verifies that as aspecial pattern in the process of migration, left-behind families has become a common phenomenon in rural China. The proportion of left-behind families accounts for 42. 05 percent of total rural families, and the proportion of left-behind population accounts for 37. 49 percent of total peasants. Besides, according to the family's generations, members and their kinship relationship, left-behind families are classified intoseven types. Empty-nest family,single-parent family and families with more than three generations account for the most proportion.Finally, regional disparities exist among different provinces. Specifically, the east region, the west region and the northeast tend to form three distinct pattern. This paper also helps to understand thestructural characters and regional disparities of rural left-behind families and provides a basis for furtherstudies.