家庭养老功能的弱化与出路:欠发达地区农村养老模式研究

社会转型期农村传统的家庭养老受到冲击。通过对苏北某县的调查,分析欠发达地区农村养老模式的特点。调查地的农村自我养老的比重已经超过家庭养老,农村养老从传统的家庭成员经济供养、生活照料、情感慰藉为主转变为老年人的经济自给、生活自理和情感自抚为主。农村养老模式的这种变化其原因在于人口流动严重削弱了传统家庭养老,而另一方面,社会养老又尚未建立,因而是现阶段的一种被动无奈的选择,是一种过渡性模式。长远来看,欠发达地区农村养老的出路是走向社会养老。为此,须在完善农村社会养老保障机制的同时,积极构建农村养老的社会支持体系。

The Functional Weakening of Family Support for the Aged and the Outlet:The Research on the Elderly Supporting Model in the Underdeveloped Rural Areas

During the social transformation,the traditional family support in rural areas is being weakened.Based on the survey data from the country in northern Jiang Su,this paper analyses the characteristics of the elderly supporting model in the underdeveloped rural areas.We find that in the rural areas self-support has overpowered family support,the elderly supporting model has transformed from family-support,daily care and emotional solace to economic self-sufficiency,self care and emotional self-solace.The change is a passive and helpless choice when the population mobility seriously weakened the traditional family support,but meanwhile the social-support system has not been established.It's only a transitional mode.In the long run,social-support must be the ultimate outlet.So not only should we further improve the social pension insurance system,but also gradually establish a social support network for the rural aged.