中国非农自雇活动的转换进入分析

本文利用中国健康与营养调查的微观面板数据,分析了我国非农自雇活动转换进入的决定因素。本文把初始状态区分为工资雇佣和失业,最终状态则划分为无雇工自雇和有雇工自雇,另外,对无雇工自雇转入有雇工自雇也进行了剖析。结果显示:不管初始状态如何,代际人力资本传递在自雇进入中发挥了重要作用;年龄和性别变量只对失业转入自雇有影响;由失业转入自雇的概率比由工资雇佣转入自雇的概率高;工资雇佣转入有雇工自雇的概率与失业转入有雇工自雇的概率相差不大,但工资雇佣转入无雇工自雇的概率与失业转入无雇工自雇的概率之间存在巨大差异;高等教育在无雇工自雇转入有雇工自雇的工作岗位创造过程中起到了显著的推动作用。

Transitions to Non-farm Self-employment in China

Using panel data of the China Health and Nutrition Surveys(CHNS),this paper analyzes the determinants of transitions to non-farm self-employment. The paper distinguishes the existence of different initial status (unemployment or paid employment) and final status (own-account self-employed or employers with employees), furthermore, transitions within self-employment was present. The main conclusion is that intergenerational transfers of human capital play a key role in transitions into self-employment regardless of starting status. Age and gender has a significant effect on the probability of transition for unemployed people to self-employment. The probability of transition for unemployed people is much higher than the ones for paid-employed. When the final states (i.e. employers and own-account workers) are also taken into account, the probability of transition for unemployed people to employer is much smaller than the ones for paid-employed, while the probability of transition for unemployed people to own-account self-employment is much higher than the ones for paid-employed. Higher education contributes with the job generation process.