出土简牍所见秦代仓、廥的设置与管理

仓、廥的设置与管理,是仓储制度的核心环节。新刊布的里耶秦简、岳麓秦简中有不少关于秦代仓、廥设置与管理的内容。梳理相关记载可知,秦代的仓和廥均属于秦律所言的“实官”,且二者在储藏功能方面存在区别。另据里耶秦简,秦的地方仓储系统分为县乡两级,并且县仓与乡仓的设置也遵循一定规律。负责管理粮食的“仓官”一般位于都乡之中,且距离县廷不会太远,离乡一般就近使用县仓,如距离较远则单设离邑仓。同时,乡仓的管理亦如县仓,也有完善的出入登记、交接移付制度。

The Establishment and Management of the Warehouses and Kuai Reflected in the Unearthed Qin Bamboo Slips

The establishment and management of Warehouses and Kuai, is the core of the storage system. The newly published Liye Qin wooden slips and YueLu Academy’s Qin bamboo slips have many precious records of the establishment and management of the Qin Dynasty.By combing the relevant literature, it can be seen that the Warehouses and Kuai of the Qin Dynasty belong to the “Agency for managing materials” of the Qin Law, and there is a clear division of labor between the two in terms of storage function. According to Liye Qin wooden slips, Qin has a County-township two level warehousing system in the locality.Besides, the layout of county warehouses and townships presents a certain pattern. The “warehouse officer” responsible for managing food was likely to be located in the township and not too far from the county.The subordinate’s township generally uses the county warehouse nearby, and if it is far away, it will set up a warehouse there. Meanwhile, The management of the township was also like the county warehouse, and there was also a perfect entry and exit registration and transfer payment system.