基于用水户满意度准则的流域水资源合理配置研究

我国的流域水资源配置主要从流域管理者角度出发,追求流域整体利益最大化,由于忽视了流域内各用水户的个体利益和协商意愿,导致流域内部分用水户对水资源配置方案的满意度较低,方案可行性较差。因此,将用水户对配置方案的满意程度定义为用水户满意度,并将其量化为最低满意度函数和协调满意度函数,为用水户参与水资源配置方案决策提供通道。最终,建立基于用水户满意度准则的流域水资源合理配置模型,并以黑河流域为例进行实例验证。结果表明:①基于用水户满意度准则的流域水资源合理配置模型能够满足水资源配置的公平性。②流域内各分区对水资源配置方案的协调满意度与各自的水资源配置权重成正比。③当最低满意度取值较高时,流域水资源管理机构在制定配水方案时更强调配水的公平性;反之,则更强调用水效率,易出现部分区域缺水情况,影响流域水资源配置的公平性,应避免该情况出现。

Rationalallocation of water resourcesinriver basinsbased on water user satisfaction norm

The allocation of water resources in river basinsin China is mainly from the perspective of the river basin manager to maximize the overall interests of the river basins. Owing to the ignorance of individual interests and willingness of consultation of water users in the river basins, the satisfaction degree of some water users is low, and the feasibility of the scheme is poor. Therefore, the satisfaction degree of water users with the water resource allocation scheme is defined as that of water usersand is quantified as the lowest satisfaction function and the coordination satisfaction function so as to provide a channel for the water users to participate in the decision-making of water resource allocation scheme. Finally, a reasonable allocation model for water resources in the river basinsis established based on the satisfaction criterion of water users. The demonstration study of Heihe River Basin is performed. It is shown that: (1)The model can meet the fairness of water resource allocation. (2)The coordination satisfaction of allocation schemes for each district in Heihe River Basin is proportional to the weight of each water resource allocation. (3)When the minimum satisfaction value is high, the water distribution fairness is more emphasized in the formulation of water distribution schemes by the watershed water resource management institutions. On the contrary, more emphasis is placed on the efficiency of water use, which is prone to severe water shortage in some regions, which affects the fairness of water distribution inHeihe River Basin, and it should be avoided.