水足迹评价方法对比及案例研究

围绕国际上主要采用的两种水足迹评价方法:基于水足迹网络(WFN)方法和基于国际标准化组织(ISO)的生命周期评价(LCA)方法,对两种评价方法在水足迹定义、评价流程、核算方法及评价方法等方面的异同开展对比分析研究,在此基础上,选取某乳制品企业为例,探索两种水足迹评价方法在实际应用中的优缺点和适用范围。研究结果表明:基于WFN的水足迹侧重于"体积",而基于LCA的水足迹更注重"影响"。两种方法虽然侧重点以及结果表达形式不同,但计算和评价方法互有联系,得出的结论大致相同,可为指导我国工业企业开展水足迹评价研究、实现可持续的水资源管理提供科学依据。

Comparison andcase study of assessment methods for water footprints

At present, two methods for assessment of water footprints are widely used. One is the water footprint network(WFN). The other is the life cycle assessment(LCA)proposed by the International Standard Organization(ISO). In this study, the similarities and differences in the definitions and evaluation processes, calculation methods and evaluation methods for the water footprints between the two methods are comparatively analyzed. On this basis, a certain dairy enterprise is selected as an example to explore the advantages and disadvantages and scopes in practical application of the two evaluation methods. The results show that the water footprints calculated by WFN focus on the volume, while that by LCA on the influence. Although the emphasis and expression forms of the results by the calculated methods are different, their calculation processes are interrelated. Their assessment results are basically consistent. This study may provide a scientific basis for guiding the researches on the evaluation of water footprints of industrial enterprises and realizing the sustainable management strategy of water resources in China.