畜禽养殖废弃物养分管理决策支持系统研究及应用

[目的]畜禽养殖污染已经成为制约我国养殖业健康发展的主要因素之一,畜禽养殖废弃物养分信息化综合管理是保障养殖业健康发展、防控农业面源污染、提高资源高效利用的有效途径。决策支持系统(DSS)是实现畜禽养殖废弃物综合养分管理的重要手段。文章旨在为我国畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用策略优化提供有力的技术支撑,推动养殖废弃物综合养分管理计划实施。[方法]该文梳理了我国畜禽养殖业废弃物养分管理存在的不足,详细分析了国内外相关模型和系统在畜禽养殖废弃物资源管理方面应用的研究现状。系统介绍了DSS的基本特性、构建方法及其在畜禽废弃物养分管理上应用的可行性。[结果]通过分析国内外畜禽养殖废弃物已有DSS系统的经验和不足,结合我国畜禽养殖、废弃物处理和利用方式的区域特点,提出适合我国畜禽养殖废弃物养分管理的DSS开发思路,详细阐述了数据库和模型库构建方法及其对整体管理方案决策的作用。[结论]针对我国畜禽养殖基础数据的现状,建议完善DSS参数数据库的来源及准确性,筛选养殖废弃物养分管理的指标体系,构建场区、农田及区域养分管理模型,协助畜禽养殖决策者更好地实现畜禽养殖经济和资源最优化。

STUDY AND APPLICATION ON NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT OF ANIMAL WASTES FROM LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY FARMS

Pollution of livestock and poultry breeding has been one of the main factors restricting the healthy development of breeding industry in China. Integrated management of nutrient information is an effective way to ensure the healthy development of livestock and poultry breeding industry, prevent and control agricultural non point pollution, and improve the efficient utilization of resources. Decision support system (DSS) is an important means to realize integrated nutrient management of livestock and poultry wastes. This research aims to provide a strong technical support for the optimization of utilization strategy in terms of livestock and poultry breeding waste and promote the implementation of integrated nutrient management. The research proposed the disadvantages existing in the nutrient management of breeding waste in China, as well as analyzed the application developments of models and systems focusing on resource management of breeding waste at home and abroad. In addition, it introduced the basic characteristics, construction method and feasibility of DSS in the nutrient management of breeding waste were introduced. By analyzing the experience and the insufficiency existing in the DSS system at home and abroad, it put forward a method suitable for nutrient management in our country according to regional characteristics of waste disposal and utilization. Particularly, the method of establishing the database and model base as well as its effect on the overall management scheme decision was stated in detail. In view of the current situation of livestock and poultry breeding in China, it is suggested that it should improve the source and accuracy of DSS parameter database, select the index system of nutrient management of livestock and poultry wastes, construct a nutrient management model for farms, farmlands and regions, and help decision makers in livestock and poultry breeding to better realize the optimization of livestock and poultry breeding economy and resources.