制造业全球价值链上中国增加值和就业解析

本文利用世界投入产出表,对制造业产品全球价值链上中国与主要国家的增加值和就业进行了解构与比较,发现中国资本与劳动力的收入分配失衡日趋严重,劳动力的收入份额大大低于发达国家,也低于主要新兴经济体,在技术密集型产品GVC收入的分配上,资本与劳动力的失衡问题更为严重;中国的劳动力收入更多是由低技能劳动贡献,低技能劳动力的收入份额大大高于世界平均水平,而中高技能劳动力的收入份额远低于世界平均水平且进一步下降. 在就业方面,中国制造业产品GVC就业大部分是在初级产品部门,服务业部门的就业比重相对发达国家和主要新兴经济体较低,这在劳动密集型产品价值链中表现得更加明显;中国GVC就业的技能结构劣于发达国家和主要新兴经济体,但高技能劳动力的数量有较大增长.参与GVC分工对于中国制造业和服务业就业以及劳动力技能结构的改善有一定的促进作用.

Analysis of Value Added and Employment of China in the Manufactures Global Value Chain

In this paper, the world input-output table is used to decomposite the value added and employment of China and main countries in the manufactures GVC. We found that the share of value added in advanced countries decreased, growth was realized in emerging countries. The imbalance in distribution of capital and labor in China's manufactures GVC income becomes more and more serious. Labor income is contributed mostly by low skill labor, and with no improvement. China is weaker under the pressure of the financial crisis than other countries in the manufactures GVC. The force of the ex-ternal demand of Chinese manufacturing sector is weakening. China's manufactures GVC job is mostly in the primary sector, only a few in the service sector, it is more obvious in the traditional low skill products' value chain. The skill level of Chi-na's manufactures GVC job is the lowest in the countries being studied. Participating in the GVC division helps to promote the employment in China's manufacturing and service sector and improve the skill of labor.