资本和部门下乡与小农户经济的组织化道路——兼对专业合作社道路提出质疑

改革30年来，在不断完善家庭承包制小农户经济的过程中，资本和部门化的资本下多，成为联结小农户和大市场的中介。这给日益紧迫的农民合作化带来了重大影响：专业合作社往往容易发展成“大农吃小农”的合作社，单纯靠规范合作社治理结构还无法解决这一问题。本文的任务是，立足30年来在不断市场化背景下家庭承包制的演变逻辑和农业政策的发展，揭示这一特有的合作社发展面貌背后的各方力量结构和相互作用原理，提出以加强国家介入、发展多层次综合合作体系为目标的农民合作化的新道路。论述中，也对当前把专业合作社作为农户经济组织化的主导形式的思想和做法提出质疑。

Transference of Capital and Departments to Rural Areas and the Organizational Path of the Small Farming Household Economy Concurrently Questioning the Path of Specialized Cooperatives

Over the last thirty years of reform, in perfecting the small farming household economy featured by the family-contract system, the transference of capital and departmental capital to rural areas has served to link small farming households with big markets. This has greatly impacted the increasingly strained agricultural cooperatives. Specialized cooperatives can easily lead to a situation in which ＂minor crops are eaten up by major crops＂ a problem that cannot be solved by simply standardizing the administrative structure of the cooperatives. This paper, based on the evolving logic of the family-contract system and the development of agricultural policies against the backdrop of thirty years of continuous marketization, aims to reveal the various forces and their interactions behind the development of cooperatives and propose more state intervention to develop multi-level, comprehensive cooperatives. In the course of discussion, the author will call into question the current idea and practice of making specialized cooperatives the leading form in the organization of the farming household economy.