过度养殖的制度诱因分析及政策建议

过度养殖极易导致海水养殖产业遭到环境惩罚和市场惩罚，对产业的长期发展构成了严重威胁。这一现象之所以会普遍存在，根本原因是我国现存制度存在一定的不足。本文旨在通过分析海水养殖产业的制度环境，找到过度养殖的制度诱因，并在此基础上提出政策建议。研究结果表明，制度诱因主要包括产权安排未能遵循激励相容原则，新品种推广未能完全坚持预防原则以及立法未能彻底贯彻可执行性原则。政策建议包括赋予养殖业者长期有保障的海域使用权，适当限制新品种的扩散进行以及赋予行业协会管理产业的权利来解决。

Systemic incentives of excessive aquaculture analysis and policy suggestions

Aquaculture industry easily punished by environment and market if aquaculture excessively, which threat to the long-term development of the industry. The reason is that there are some defects of the existing system in China. This paper aims to find the systemic incentives of excessive aquaculture through analyzing systemic environment of aquaculture industry, and try to put forward the corresponding policy suggestions according to the problem. The results show that, the arrangement of property rights failed to follow the principle of incentive compatibility and extension of new varieties failed to thoroughly adhere to the precautionary principle and legislate failed to fully carry out the implementation principle. Policy suggestions include giving long-term and guaranteed the right of using sea to farmers, appropriately restricting diffusion of new varieties and giving the management rights to industry association.