人权理念下的农民土地权利保护

研究目的:以中国首部《国家人权行动计划》(2009—2010年)确立的农民土地权利保障目标为依据,探究人权理念下农民土地权利保护的应有完善。研究方法:人权法与物权法交叉视角下的文献资料法,规范分析与实证分析相结合。研究结果:农民土地权利具有特殊的人权价值,虽然对其保护取得成就,但其进步中的问题仍然突出,以征地和乡土势力严重侵害农民土地权利并影响农民的生存与发展为甚。欲充分保障农民在土地上的人权,必先寻求此问题的破解之道。研究结论:在尊重和保护农民人权的时代诉求下,农民土地权利的保护更需不断强化赋权后的维权功效、充分实现征地中的还权于民。

Protection of Farmers’ Land Rights through the Perspective of Human Rights Ideology

The purpose of this paper is to explore the necessary amelioration for the protection of farmers’ land rights through the perspective of human rights according to the goals of protecting farmers’ land rights in the first National Human Rights Action Plan of China（2009-2010）. Methods employed are the combination of documentation under the viewpoints of human rights law and property laws, as well as the combination of normative and empirical analysis. The results indicate: （1）farmers’ land rights include the special value of human rights. Although achievements on protecting it have been obtained to some extent, there are still obvious problems occurred during the progress. The most serious problem is the infringement upon the land rights and further upon the subsistence and development rights of the farmers through land expropriations and local formal and informal powers;（2）a solution for the problem is the precondition of full guarantee to farmers’ human rights in terms of land. It is concluded that under the era of appealing the respect and protection of farmers’ human rights, efficacy of farmers’ land rights protection after entitlement should be enhanced continuously, as well as actually return the rights to farmers during land expropriation.