基于遥感与GIS的土地利用/覆盖变化信息分析研究--以甘肃省石羊河流域为例

利用不同时期的TM遥感图像，在遥感软件PCI7．0的支持下对图像进行技术处理，并在GIS软件Arcview3．3中，采用人工目视解译为主，计算机自动分类为辅的分类方法提取土地利用／土地覆盖信息，将石羊河流域土地利用类型分为林地、旱地、冰川、草地、戈壁、裸露地、盐碱地等，同时借用景观分析指数对土地利用／覆盖变化信息进行了定量分析。结果表明，从1994-2001年，全流域的旱地、草地、林地、裸岩地面积增加，盐碱地、沙地、戈壁和湿地面积减少。各土地利用类型斑块的形状指数总体上略有减少，表明斑块形状趋于规则，说明人为干扰的程度在增加，在总体上各指数都与人为活动有很强的相关关系。

Changing Information Analysis of Regional Land Use/Covering Based on RS and GIS Techniques

By using different temporal TM data, under the support of RS software (PCI 7.0), the paper first disposes the TM images properly, and then by using manual interpreting method and assisted by the computer automatic classification method, the paper classifies the types of land use/land covering of Shiyanghe River valley as holt, land, glacier, grass, gobi,exposed land, saline land,wetland, residence, etc. The patterns of land use/cover changing are also analyzed quantitatively by using the landscape analysis indices for reference. The statistics show that from 1994 to 2001 the area of land, grass, holt and exposed land increased, while the saline land, dene, gobi and wetland decreased. The shape index of the land use speckles decreased slightly in general, indicating that the shape of the speckles is becoming regular and that the degree of disturbance by people's activities is increasing. Generally each index has a strong relationship with people's activities.