市政公用事业改革的理论和实践进展综述

市政公用事业中供水、污水处理、供气、供热、公交等行业总体上具有自然垄断的性质.如果政府不对这些行业实施有效监管,其均衡的产品(服务)供给量会小于社会最优水平,均衡价格高于平均水平,并获得超额经济利润从而损害公众的利益.基于这一认识,本文从该项改革的理论与实践的一般性出发,分市政公用事业可竞争性的市场理论与实践、政府监管与规制过程中被俘获的理论与实践、、市场规制的均衡理论与实践、激励型规制理论的设计、网络经济效应与规模经济效应、特许经营合同契约理论和实践等六个方面进行综述,然后分别分析我国这方面实践的特殊性问题.

Development of the Theories and Practice of the Reform of the Municipal Public Affairs

The municipal public affairs,including water supply,sewage treatment,heating supply,public traffic and etc,has the state of natural monopolization.Their services would be less than the optimized level,and the price would be higher than the average level,if no effective supervision exercised by the government,which must make damage to the public benefits.Based on this viewpoint,the paper make the further analysis on the six aspects,competition possibility of the public municipal and marketing theory,marketing rules and balance theory,government supervision and the capturing theory,design of inspiration regulation,network economic effect and large-scale economy effects,authorization and contracting and etc,as well as the specialties in China.