草地资源管理的公平性与管理者行为

牧区和农区的最大区别是放牧情况下维护产权排他性的成本较高,常常是普通牧民力所不及的重任。现阶段草原家庭承包制忽视了这一点,导致给贫困牧民,特别是给无畜户提供的收益机会不平等。忽视草原承包中存在的缺陷,却采取草畜平衡管理、禁牧等措施,是违背经济规律的,提高了牧户生产成本,而且导致了寻租行为,容易造成新的不公平。因此保障贫困农牧民收益的机会公平和维护利用草地资源的权利是草原管理体系改革中必须重视的根本原则。

Equity of Administrating System of Grassland Resources and Administrators' Behavior

There are some essential differences between cropland and rangeland.Herdsman often finds the cost is higher to protect property rights of pasturing areas than that of farming areas.Present Household Responsibility Sys- tem in Grassland overlooks the difference,so low-income herdsmen,especially those have no livestock,are in an under-privileged position in common grassland utilization.But policy-makers overlook the fact and think it is nec- essary to exert the livestock and forage balance management which is...