我国生态水利研究进展

阐述了生态水利的内涵和研究方向认为生态水文学、生态水力学、水利工程的生态环境效应评价等是生态水利发展的理论基础。生态水利的理念首先应反映在水利工程的规划与设计中,强调水利工程在满足人类社会需求的同时,需要兼顾水域生态系统的健康和可持续性;对已建工程带来的负面影响可通过栖息地的恢复和重建、水体生态修复、生态调度和水体的连通性的改善等来解决。分析了河道和流域栖息地生态修复的措施,总结了生态需水量的估算方法,辨识了水系连通性的含义以及需要研究的关键问题,最后展望了生态水利的发展趋势,指出未来需要加强的研究方向有:水文情势-生物响应关系的基础研究、水利工程生态效应评估的科学性与统一性等。

Recent advances of ecological water conservancy in China

The implications and research focuses of ecological water conservancy are stated. It is considered that eco-hydrology, ecological hydraulics, and assessment of the eco-environmental effect of water conservancy projects are the theoretical basis for the development of ecological water conservancy, that the idea of ecological water conservancy should be first reflected in the planning and design of water conservancy projects, with the health and sustainability of aquatic ecosystems taken into account, and that the negative effects of existing projects can be alleviated through the recovery and re-construction of habitats, aquatic ecology restoration, ecology regulation, water connectivity improvement, and other measures. This paper also analyzes ecological restoration measures for rivers and watershed habitats, summarizes methods of estimating ecological water demand, defines water connectivity, and identifies key research problems relating to ecological water conservancy in China, involving the fundamental research on the relationship between hydrological regime and biological responses and analysis of the scientificity and uniformity of ecological impact assessment of water conservancy projects.