环境史视野下中世纪日耳曼人的食物构成研究

从大量的历史文献和考古发现中不难发现，中世纪日耳曼人的食物构成虽较为丰富，但还远没有达到新大陆发现之后的多样化程度。食物构成之所以相对单一，主要是当时各地区自然条件的悬殊差异和农业生产技术的不发达所致。随着中世纪中期城市、手工业和商业的不断兴起，地区间的商品交换成为可能，这在一定程度上改变了日耳曼人的食物构成，但这还谈不上根本性改变，真正的改变是在新时代开启后。从环境史视角对中世纪日耳曼人的食物构成进行研究，不但可以了解到他们的生存状况以及他们和周边环境的相处关系，还可以为德国生态文明史的研究提供一个新的视野。

Studies on the Food Constitution of Germanic People in the Middle Ages from the Perspective of Environmental History

Based on rich historical records and archeological discoveries, it is evident that Germanic people in the Middle Ages had an abundant food composition, but did not reach the same diverse degree as that achieved after the New World was discovered. For the most part, the reason why the food constitution was uniform was that natural conditions varied greatly from area to area and agricultural technology was not highly developed. With the constant boom of the cities, handicraft industries, and commerce in the middle period of the Middle Ages, commercial exchanges between areas became possible, which changed the food composition of Germanic people to a certain degree, but not dramatically. The paper focuses on the studies on the food composition of Germanic people in the Middle Ages from the perspective of environmental history, in a bid to understand their existence in nature and interrelation with surroundings, and be provided with a new insight into the studies on history of German eco-civilization.