矿业市场准入资格和矿权主体资格

矿业市场准入资格是矿业的经营权,采矿权、探矿权是对矿产资源的财产权。《矿产资源法》没有对两者清晰区分;《行政许可法》把行政许可扩大到了财产权分配;《公司法》对矿业市场准入资格有授权性规定,但未得到重视和贯彻。西方市场经济国家对矿业经营权和矿产资源财产权有清晰界定。进入矿业的门槛建议设三道———设立企业,取得矿权,建设矿山。贯彻《行政许可法》,应当定位在授予“采矿经营特许权”、颁发《采矿经营特许证》。《采矿许可证》和《勘查许可证》宜改称《采矿权证》和《探矿权证》,其制度建设应当同《行政许可法》脱钩,直接上承《物权法》。限制经营权同限制财产权的行政处罚应当加以区别。“矿业权”最好改称“矿权”。

The Qualifications of Mining Market Access and the Dominance of Mineral Right

The qualification of mining market access is the managerial right of mining,and mineral prospecting right and mineral exploitation right is the property right of mineral resources.But there is no clear division between them in "Mineral Resources Law".In "Administrative licensing law",it extends the administrative licensing to the distribution of property right."Company Law of the People's Republic of China"has authorized provision for the qualification of mining market access but has not been drew the attention and implementation.The west countries with market economy have a clear definition for the managerial right of mining and the property right of mineral resources.The paper makes a proposal that the threshold for entering into mining industry should be set up three steps: establishing enterprise,acquisition of mineral right,construction of mine.It goes on to look at that the implementation of "Administrative licensing law" should award the managerial franchise and license of mining.While mineral exploitation license and prospecting license should change into mineral exploitation right and mineral prospecting right license,and the system construction should unhook connections with "Administrative licensing law" and directly present to " Real Right Law".And the administrative punishment for managerial right limitation and property right limitation should be taken different approaches to.