高新技术企业社会资本与技术创新行为的关系研究

本研究以高新技术企业为研究对象,在把企业社会资本划分为结构维度、关系雏度和认知维度3个难度的基础上进行技术创新行为的关系研究,进而考察其对企业绩效的影响.本文把技术创新行为划分为内部技术创新行为和对外合作创新行为2个维度.研究结果显示,企业社会资本的3个维度和技术创新行为的两个维度之间存在着显著的正相关关系,而技术创新行为对企业绩效也具有显著影响,尤其是知识利用这一方面对企业绩效的影响程度最大.     

外部社会资本对新创企业绩效的影响研究--知识获取的中介作用

基于企业知识理论的观点认为知识资源已成为企业最为重要的战略性资源。外部社会资本作为新创企业社会关系网络在创业活动中的嵌入,是企业知识获取的重要手段。该文以社会资本理论为基础,通过对湖北省内116家新创企业的有效问卷调查及结构方程分析,研究表明,新创企业外部社会资本的结构维度、关系维度、认知维度对知识获取、新创企业绩效有显著影响,知识获取在新创企业外部社会资本与新创企业绩效的关系中起到部分中介作用。因此新创企业应加强外部社会资本构建和管理能力,促进知识获取,从而实现企业绩效的提升。     

供应链关系资本对企业创新绩效的影响研究

针对受国外技术和市场牵引较严重的4个制造类企业,构建了供应链关系资本、需求拉动型吸收能力和创新绩效三者间的概念模型,实施问卷调查,用结构方程模型验证假设。得到的结果表明:以信任为基础的供应链关系资本能够促进企业及时获取和掌握市场信息和技术知识,从而提高创新绩效。但是,样本企业供应链关系资本中的关系承诺维度对知识吸收的促进作用有待加强;需求拉动型吸收能力的知识转化和利用环节对于创新进程的促进作用有待提高。     

供应链关系资本对企业创新绩效的影响研究——基于需求拉动型吸收能力的视角

针对受国外技术和市场牵引较严重的4个制造类企业,构建了供应链关系资本、需求拉动型吸收能力和创新绩效三者间的概念模型,实施问卷调查,用结构方程模型验证假设。得到的结果表明:以信任为基础的供应链关系资本能够促进企业及时获取和掌握市场信息和技术知识,从而提高创新绩效。但是,样本企业供应链关系资本中的关系承诺维度对知识吸收的促进作用有待加强;需求拉动型吸收能力的知识转化和利用环节对于创新进程的促进作用有待提高。     

供应链关系资本对企业创新绩效的影响研究

针对受国外技术和市场牵引较严重的4个制造类企业,构建了供应链关系资本、需求拉动型吸收能力和创新绩效三者间的概念模型,实施问卷调查,用结构方程模型验证假设。得到的结果表明：以信任为基础的供应链关系资本能够促进企业及时获取和掌握市场信息和技术知识,从而提高创新绩效。但是,样本企业供应链关系资本中的关系承诺维度对知识吸收的促进作用有待加强;需求拉动型吸收能力的知识转化和利用环节对于创新进程的促进作用有待提高。     

企业家社会资本、竞争战略选择与企业绩效--基于中国制造业上市公司的实证研究

本文把企业家社会资本分为两个维度,即企业家的制度性社会资本和企业家的市场性社会资本,并分别考察两者对企业绩效的影响效应。企业家通过利用他们在社会结构中这种特有的资源形成了企业在竞争战略层面提高企业价值的不同路径选择。本文以中国制造业上市公司数据对所提假设进行检验,结果表明,企业家制度性社会资本通过差异化战略提升企业绩效,市场性社会资本则通过低成本战略的中介效应提升企业绩效。即拥有制度性社会资本的企业家更容易从政府、科研机构获取知识、信息等优势资源而选择差异化战略,进而提高企业绩效;发展拥有更多市场性社会资本的企业家则可通过与客户供应商等良好的关系降低产品成本而选择低成本战略,实现企业的成功。     

企业的社会资本对技术创新的影响

本文在阅读相关文献的基础上,从一个崭新的角度即知识创造的角度来研究企业社会资本对技术创新的影响作用,构建了企业社会资本通过正向作用于知识创造而促进技术创新能力提升的概念模型,并将企业社会资本分为企业内部社会资本与企业外部社会资本两部分,着重分析了知识创造在企业社会资本与技术创新关系中的作用。     

企业社会资本嵌入对生态产业共生网络的影响研究

企业社会资本对企业绩效的显著作用已被广泛证实.本文在分析企业社会资本、知识共享与产业共生间关系及其对生态产业共生网络的影响基础上,提出了相关的基本假设,建立了基于知识共享中介作用的企业社会资本与产业共生之间结构方程模型,以天津市生态产业园中的生态产业共生网络为实证研究对象,通过对生态产业共生网络中的企业进行问卷调查,收集相关的数据资料,对基本假设进行了实证分析.实证结果表明:知识共享在企业社会资本的结构维、认知维对产业共生正向影响中发挥了中介作用,企业社会资本三维度间具有正相关关系.这为从社会学视角研究生态产业共生网络提供了支持性论据.     

高技术产业集群创新路径与机理实证研究

本文以知识溢出、企业吸收能力、集群社会资本、企业创新绩效为基本研究要素,构建了高技术产业集群创新的微观理论模型,通过规范的实证分析验证理论模型及所提出的假设,数据来自于长春市软件产业集群中121家软件企业的调研问卷。研究结果表明这几个要素之间存在较复杂的作用关系。     

三维社会资本与创业机会识别特质关系研究——基于“中三角”336份调查问卷的实证分析

自中国进入“L”型增长以来，“双创”已渐成为“中三角”地区突破增长瓶颈、实现经济发展转型的重要途径。基于社会资本角度分析创业机会识别特质的影响因素，对正确应用社会资本识别和开发创业机会、促进创业能起到重要作用。本文依据Nahapiet的社会资本理论，引入关系维度、结构维度和认知维度3个变量，通过SEM模型来探索社会资本对机会识别的可行性和盈利性的影响作用。结果表明社会资本的3个维度均与可行性和盈利性正相关。     

知识螺旋影响研发团队创新创意产生实证研究——内部社会资本的调节效应

为了研究研发团队内部知识的交互对于创意产生的机理,通过构建概念模型,研究知识螺旋对研发团队创新创意产生的影响,并分析内部社会资本的调节效应。采用结构方程模型和分层线性分析,基于274份样本的实证研究表明:一方面,知识螺旋显著积极影响研发团队创新创意产生,并且知识表出化、知识结合化、知识内在化及知识社会化分别积极影响创新创意产生;另一方面,内部社会资本不同维度在知识螺旋与创新创意产生关系中的调节效应各不相同,结构社会资本的调节效应并不显著,而认知社会资本和关系社会资本显著正向调节知识螺旋对创新创意产生的影响。根据研究结果,提出促进研发团队创意产生的建议。     

Structural vs. relational embeddedness: social capital and managerial performance

This paper examines the impact of managers' social capital on managerial performance. Two dimensions of social capital are compared—the structural embeddedness (i.e., configuration) of a manager's network of work relations and the relational embeddedness (i.e., quality) of those relations. Based on a sample of 120 product and sales managers in a Fortune 100 pharmaceutical firm, this paper presents evidence indicating that both elements of social capital influence managerial performance, although in distinct ways: structural embeddedness plays a stronger role in explaining more routine, execution‐oriented tasks (managerial sales performance), whereas relational embeddedness plays a stronger role in explaining new, innovation‐oriented tasks (managerial performance in product and process innovation). This research considers resource exchanges within firms as key to value creating behaviors and contributes a deeper understanding of how social capital influences productive resource exchanges. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

企业社会资本的功效结构:基于中国上市公司的实证研究

与政府的联系、组织的社会网络资本和特有的关系资本构成了企业的社会资本。通过对97家上市公司的经验研究表明,企业社会资本对销售收入的提升有着正面的促进作用,但对资产报酬率的改善却没有明确的影响。具体而言,在提升销售收入过程中,组织的社会网络资本作用最大,特有关系资本次之,企业家的政府关系资本是第三位的。我们还发现,国有企业比非国有企业在政府关系的利用和获得有利社会地位方面更有优势,但在组织的特有关系资本建设方面却呈现不足。作者建议管理者谨慎评价企业社会资本的功效,有必要考虑不同社会资本结构的交互作用,并将之与其他要素综合起来运用;企业应当用动态的眼光分辨不同层次的社会资本对绩效改善的作用。     

Social capital in the growth of science-and-technology-based SMEs

There is increasing evidence of the positive role social capital plays in accessing resources and capabilities from and with other actors, and in establishing and maintaining business relationships. Yet, surprisingly little is known about how an organization's social capital and its utilization evolve over time. Focusing on this gap, this paper explores the role of social capital and its structural, relational and cognitive dimensions in the growth of science-and-technology-based SMEs. On the basis of our studies on social capital, entrepreneurial networks and SME growth, we develop a conceptual framework to describe their development through four overlapping phases, each of which involves different managerial tasks: innovation assessment, offering development, commercialization and rapid growth. The results of our longitudinal multiple case studies show that; (i) different types of networks and relationships are important in the transitional periods between the growth phases; and (ii) the role of social capital and its different dimensions varies in developing, maintaining and utilizing these partnerships and network relationships. These findings offer several managerial implications.     

Social Capital as a Microlevel Origin of Organizational Capabilities

The microlevel concept of social capital has received significant attention in management and sociological research but has not yet been empirically associated with the development of organizational capabilities. The major purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship of social capital with marketing and research and development (R&D) capability and to explore how the environmental context moderates the social capital–organizational capability link. It is suggested that top management's social capital provides a firm with important information and control benefits that facilitate effective access to the knowledge and resources necessary for building superior organizational capabilities. In addition, we identify the role of two important environmental factors influencing the social capital–organizational capability link: technological turbulence and competitive intensity. The strength of the relationship between social capital and organizational capabilities is proposed to vary depending on the level of these two environmental characteristics. This study conceptualizes and operationalizes social capital as a multidimensional construct reflected by the structural dimension of tie strength, the relational dimension of trust, and the cognitive dimension of solidarity. Survey and archival data on 280 firms from various industries are analyzed using structural equation modeling. Empirical support for the proposed three‐dimensional structure of social capital is found. Results further indicate that social capital is a significant antecedent to both marketing and R&D capability, which in turn significantly affect firm performance. While a positive relationship between social capital and organizational capabilities is supported in general, the strength of this relationship depends on the environmental context the firm is embedded in. The positive effect of social capital on marketing capability increases in environments with high technological turbulence and competitive intensity; the opposite holds for R&D capability. This research contributes to the resource‐based view by introducing social capital as an important microlevel factor promoting the development of organizational capabilities. By identifying and evaluating two important environmental contingencies, our study also decreases some of the ambiguity surrounding the effectiveness of antecedents to organizational capabilities. The findings further help practitioners decide under what circumstances investing in top‐managers' social capital provides an effective means for achieving superior performance through enhanced organizational capabilities. This should have an important bearing on issues such as management training and incentives as well as on hiring policies.     

Social capital and innovation in R&D teams: the mediating roles of psychological safety and learning from mistakes

The relationship between social capital and R&D team innovation has received increasing attention in the literature. However, little is known about the mechanisms between the two. This study aims to narrow the gap by investigating the mediating roles of psychological safety and learning from mistakes between the three dimensions of social capital and innovation at team level. Our sample comprised 151 R&D teams with 585 members from nine Chinese high‐tech companies. The results showed that psychological safety and learning from mistakes (LFM) partially mediated the relationship between the structural and cognitive capital and innovation in R&D teams, and fully mediated the relationship between the relational capital and innovation in R&D teams. We further discussed subsequent managerial implications and future research directions.     

The effect of social capital on local suppliers’ exploitative and exploratory learning in global buyer–supplier relationships: the moderating role of contract specificity

Drawing on the theories of social capital (SC) and organizational learning, a contingency theoretical framework that examines the impact of structural, relational, and cognitive SC on local suppliers’ exploitative and exploratory learning in the context of global buyer–supplier (GBS) relationships in China was developed. The extent to which the impact is moderated by the contract specificity between the buyer and supplier is also examined. The empirical results show significant positive impacts of structural and relational SC on local suppliers’ exploitative learning but significant negative impacts on local suppliers’ exploratory learning. More specifically, contract specificity strengthens the positive effects of all three dimensions of SC on exploitative and the negative effects of structural SC and relational SC on exploratory learning. They put forward several potential implications for practicing managers and policymakers.     

基于生命周期的智力资本对企业创新能力的影响研究

进入知识经济时代后,智力资本成为提高企业创新能力的关键要素。本文以2014年上市制造业企业作为研究对象,分析智力资本与企业创新能力的关系。研究发现,不同的生命周期中,人力资本、结构资本和关系资本对企业创新能力的影响程度不同。其中在成长期时,人力资本和结构资本对企业创新能力影响较大。在成熟期时,人力资本、结构资本和关系资本都正向显著影响企业创新能力。在衰退期时,人力资本和关系资本对企业创新能力影响较大。研究结果可以为上市制造业企业有效实施智力资本的积累,进一步实现企业创新提供借鉴。