所有者权益价值会计计量问题探讨

所有者权益价值计量是否准确,核算是否科学,不仅影响股东的权益,而且还决定它提供的会计信息是否有用。本文对所有者权益账面价值与市场价值差异、不同计量模式下所有者权益价值、公允价值计量模式下的所有者权益等问题进行了初步的研究和探讨。     

上市公司合并会计处理对中小投资者利益的影响

权益结合法与购买法是企业合并会计处理方法。二者主要区别是：权益结合法合并方在企业合并中取得的资产和负债，按照合并日被合并方的账面价值计量；购买法合并方在企业合并中取得的资产和负债，按照合并日被合并方资产、负债的公允价值计量，购买成本与所取得的全部可辨认净资产的公允价值的差额确认为商誉。     

同一控制下企业合并相关会计问题探讨

正一、净资产账面价值计量长期股权投资准则第三条规定:"同一控制下的企业合并,合并方应当在合并日按照取得被合并方所有者权益账面价值的份额作为长期股权投资的初始投资成本。"合并准则第六条规定:"合并方在企业合并中取得的资产和负债,应当按照合并日在被合并方的账面价值计量。合并方取得的净资产账面价值与支付的合并对     

可供出售金融资产递延所得税处理例析

可供出售金融资产在后续计量过程中,当公允价值发生变动时,将会导致可供出售金融资产的账面价值与其计税基础之间产生暂时性差异。因为可供出售金融资产公允价值变动在会计上予以确认,在税法上不予确认,从而产生了会计与税法的计价基础不同。《企业会计准则第18号——所得税》规定,与直接计入所有者权益的交易或事项相关的当期所得税和递延所得税,应计入所有者权益,即直接计入所有者权益的交易或事项,相关资产、负债的账面价值与计税基础之间形成暂时性差异,应确认为递延所得税资产或递延所得税负债,计入资本公积（其他资本公积）。所以,可供出售金融资产后续计量时,涉及递延所得税的核算。     

不同方法下企业合并会计处理与适用性探析

正一、同一控制下企业合并采用权益结合法(一)吸收合并与新设合并由于吸收合并与新设合并方式,在企业合并后被并企业或原企业不复存在,企业合并仅涉及合并业务的会计处理,即相当于投资处理与合并财务报表处理一步完成。(1)确认与计量步骤:第一,取得被并企业的资产、承担负债。合并方取得的净资产,按合并日被并方有关资产、负债的账面价值计量;作为合并方为支付合并成本所付出的资产、承担的负债或发行的权益性证券,合并方也按账面价值记录;合并方取得的净资产与所支付的合并对价之间如有正差额,应调增资本公积,如有负差额,     

金融公司无形资产评估研究

按照会计原则通常在企业的会计核算过程中都采用谨慎性价值予以计量。在此基础上得出的会计账面企业价值往往偏离其真实价值，从而形成大量的无形资产。对金融公司的这种影响主要来源于金融公司拥有大量的金融资产和金融负债，本文借助资产互换和负债互换的价格，推算出金融公司的无形资产的评估公式，为在账面价值基础上计算公司的真实价值提供一种途径．     

金融公司无形资产评估研究

按照会计原则通常在企业的会计核算过程中都采用谨慎性价值予以计量。在此基础上得出的会计账面企业价值往往偏离其真实价值,从而形成大量的无形资产。对金融公司的这种影响主要来源于金融公司拥有大量的金融资产和金融负债,本文借助资产互换和负债互换的价格,推算出金融公司的无形资产的评估公式,为在账面价值基础上计算公司的真实价值提供一种途径．     

论资产负债会计的发展

在资产负债会计发展过程中,入账资产和负债的项目不断优化,入账资产和负债的金额不断净化。本文分三个层次论述了资产负债会计的发展过程。记账基础、计量方法、计量技术三大要素的进步,使资产账面信息从不完整趋向完整;基于经济利益、现时价值、未来损失的会计思想的演进,使资产账面信息从不真实趋向真实;从关注现实到关注将来,从成本计量到公允价值计量,从账外存在到账内确认,使负债账面信息从不全面趋向全面。     

论资产负债会计的发展

在资产负债会计发展过程中,入账资产和负债的项目不断优化,入账资产和负债的金额不断净化。本文分三个层次论述了资产负债会计的发展过程。记账基础、计量方法、计量技术三大要素的进步,使资产账面信息从不完整趋向完整;基于经济利益、现时价值、未来损失的会计思想的演进,使资产账面信息从不真实趋向真实;从关注现实到关注将来,从成本计量到公允价值计量,从账外存在到账内确认,使负债账面信息从不全面趋向全面。     

新非货币性资产交换准则下的会计与税务处理比较分析

本文在简要介绍新修订的非货币性资产交换准则核心内容的基础上,从政策和实务操作层面分析了新准则下不同交易和不同会计方法涉及的税收处理及税会差异:符合相应条件的,应当以公允价值计量,否则以账面价值为基础计量;以公允价值计量的非货币性资产对外投资,符合且选择特殊性税务处理的,投资方和被投资企业账面价值和计税基础存在差异;以账面价值为基础计量的,因纳税处理时对换出资产通常要按公允价值视同绡售,会产生税会差异。还探讨了新准则及税收制度中存在的一些问题,并提出了相应意见。     

IFRS and Secrecy: Assessing Accounting Value Relevance Across Africa

We examine the value relevance of accounting across several African countries and test whether IFRS improved the value association of earnings and equity book values. We report a stronger valuation association between accounting and stock prices in African countries classified as having a secrecy culture. This increases after IFRS and more so for earnings. On the other hand, IFRS induced a stronger increase in the book value coefficient in the less secretive and more developed South African market. We surmise that the more conceptual focus of IFRS induced an increased demand for higher‐quality accounting professionals, which had a filtering‐down effect of improving quality information flow and breaking down the secrecy culture. Our research highlights the diverse impacts of IFRS and the role of culture, asset markets and accounting professionalism, in driving the relevance of accounting components across Africa.     

The Impact of Mandatory IFRS Adoption on Equity Valuation of Accounting Numbers for Security Investors in the EU

Motivated by the European Union (EU) decision to mandate application of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) to the consolidated financial statements of all EU listed firms (Regulation (EC) 1606/2002), starting in December 2005, we compare the value relevance of accounting information in 14 European countries in the year prior to and the year of the mandatory adoption of the IFRS. We focus on three accounting information items for which measurements under IFRS are likely to differ considerably from measurements under domestic accounting practices across the EU countries prior to the introduction of the international standards: goodwill, research and development expenses (R&D), and asset revaluation. These three items, selected on an a priori basis, have been shown in previous research to differ in the effect of uncertainty on their future benefits. We use valuation models that include these three variables and in addition the book value of equity and earnings. Overall, our study suggests that the adoption of the IFRS has increased the value relevance of the three accounting numbers for investors in equity securities in the EU. Association tests support our two hypotheses: (1) in the year prior to the mandatory adoption of the IFRS, the incremental value relevance to investors of the three domestic GAAP-based accounting items was greater in countries where the respective domestic standards were more compatible with the IFRS; and (2) the higher the deviation of the three domestic GAAP-based accounting items from their corresponding IFRS values, the greater the incremental value relevance to investors from the switch to IFRS. These associations prevail when considering cross-country differences in the institutional environments, which tend to provide complementary effects.     

Relative Value Relevance of R&D Reporting: An International Comparison

This study examines the relative value relevance of R&D reporting in France, Germany, the UK and the USA. France and the UK allow conditional capitalization of R&D costs, whereas Germany and the USA (except for the software industry) require the full and immediate expensing of all R&D costs. The relative value relevance of R&D reporting under different R&D accounting standards are compared while controlling for the reporting environment. Test results suggest that the level of R&D reporting has a significant effect on the association of equity price with accounting earnings and book value. The reporting of total R&D costs provides additional information to accounting earnings and book value in Germany and the USA (expensing countries), and the allocation of R&D costs between capitalization and expense further increases the value relevance of R&D reporting in France and the UK (capitalizing countries), including firms in the US software industry.     

The Usefulness of Earnings and Book Value for Equity Valuation in Emerging Capital Markets: Evidence From Listed Companies in the People's Republic of China

This paper examines the relative value relevance in equity valuation of two sets of accounting information of listed Chinese companies which issued the so-called B shares to foreign investors on the Chinese stock exchanges. These firms are required to prepare two sets of financial statements: one based on China's accounting regulations (domestic GAAPs) and the other based on International Accounting Standards (IASs). The study adopted the Ohlson (1995) model and used the Davidson-MacKinnon J-test to assess which one of these two competing sets of accounting information is more closely associated with the share prices. The results showed that earnings and book value reported based on IASs have greater information content than those based on domestic GAAPs. The results of yearly regression analysis generally suggested that the explanatory power of these earnings and book values for share prices increased over time.     

公允价值模式有关问题研究

我国新颁布的会计准则公允价值的应用是新准则的创新。基于决策有用观,人们对公允价值计量的偏爱主要来自于它能提高会计信息的相关性。由于公允价值是以市场定价为基础的,所以其决策价值要明显优于历史成本。但在我国现阶段运用公允价值存在一些现实问题,针对这些问题本文进行了探讨并提出了相关对策。     

International Variation in Bank Accounting Information Content

This study explores the cross‐country impact of financial system and banking regulations on the information content of bank earnings and book value. Test results provide empirical evidence that financial system and banking regulations have a joint effect on the association of equity price with earnings and book value components in Germany, France, the United Kingdom and United States. This effect is explainable by the objective bank function, which shows that earnings of the period determine the terminal book value, thus consistent with the clean surplus accounting approach. Cross‐country variation in bank accounting information content calls for caution in interpreting international bank financial and operating ratios.     

Accounting-based Valuation of Polish Listed Companies

This study examines the value relevance of the new accounting system in Poland. Using a model derived from the Edwards-Bell-Ohlson valuation framework, the relation of current earnings and lagged book values with the stock prices of Polish listed companies is tested. The accounting data are derived from the financial statements prepared under The Act on Accounting of 1994 , which assured a full compliance of the Polish accounting standards with the European Union directives. The results show that both current earnings and lagged book values are positively and significantly related to prices, and the magnitude of this relation is comparable to that reported in more advanced markets. Also, the incremental information content of lagged book value is greater than that of current earnings.     

Value relevance and the dot-com bubble of the 1990s

During the dot-com bubble of the 1990s, equity market valuation was a popular topic for investors, financial analysts and academics. Some questioned whether traditional accounting and financial information had lost its value relevance, as stocks traded at multiples of earnings well in excess of historic levels, leading Alan Greenspan to caution against “irrational exuberance.” This study examines the relation between market valuation and traditional accounting/financial information before, during and after the bubble. We confirm previous research that documents a decline in the relation between market value and traditional accounting information leading up to the bubble period. However, we also document that after the collapse of the bubble in 2000 this trend reverses. We also examine two related metrics that may provide a rational explanation for this phenomenon, including the quality of earnings, and the aggressiveness of financial analysts’ forecasts, finding some support that earnings quality may contribute to the changes in value relevance, but not the aggressiveness of analyst forecasts.     

Assessing the Value Relevance of Accounting Data After the Introduction of IFRS in Europe

Since 2005, European‐listed companies have been required to prepare their consolidated financial statements in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). We examine whether value relevance increased following the introduction of IFRS, using a sample of 3,721 companies listed on five European stock exchanges: Frankfurt, Madrid, Paris, London, and Milan. We find mixed evidence of an increase in value relevance. However, the influence of earnings on share price increased following the introduction of IFRS in Germany, France, and the United Kingdom, while the influence of book value of equity decreased (except for the United Kingdom).