私募股权投资基金组织架构设计与运作风险控制研究

在上世纪80年代的时候,国内正式引入私募股权基金,也被称为"风投基金""、创业基金",这也为我国金融行业的发展提供了非常重要的一个方向。随着全球经济化的深入,在国际金融市场中,私募股权投资基金的地位也变得越发重要,但由于投资风险比较大,私募股权投资基金从最开始的基金募集、选择投资项目一直到退出,都需要对潜在的风险加强重视。为了使私募股权投资基金得到持续性健康发展,文章研究了私募股权投资基金组织架构设计与运作风险控制,旨在控制在运作过程中可能出现的风险,也为推动社会经济转型升级发展提供重要支持。     

私募股权投资基金存在的问题及对策

私募股权投资基金近年来得到迅猛地发展,但在实践中存在诸多问题。本文分析了私募股权投资基金的特点,指出当前金融市场上私募股权投资基金在法律地位、组织管理模式、投资运作等方面存在的问题,提出了私募基金有法可依、加强市场化监管、加大资金来源结构的风险控制、加强对参与者的教育和建立完善社会信用体系等对策,从而促进私募股权投资基金的健康发展,使参与的各方利益得到保护。     

商业银行开展私募股权投资基金顾问服务初探

本文分析了私募股权投资基金的业务模式,探讨了国内商业银行开展私募股权投资基金财务顾问业务的优势,论述了国内商业银行开展私募股权投资基金财务顾问业务的业务模式,提出了国内商业银行开展私募股权投资基金财务顾问业务的风险.     

中国私募股权时代渐行渐近

中国经济的快速发展吸引了国际私募股权投资基金的广泛关注。目前中国已成为亚洲最为活跃的私募股权投资市场之一。截至2006年12月底,中外私募股权基金对129家国内企业进行了投资,参与投资的私募股权机构数量达到75     

揭秘LP联姻GP之道

<正>随着私募股权投资基金在国内发展势头正猛,越来越多的投资人将私募股权投资基金作为资产配置中的一部分,在数量庞大的投资机构中,如何携手同自身风险匹配,收益稳健的GP(基金管理人),无疑是LP(有限合伙人)要面对的首要问题。为此,清科研究中心推出《2011年LP投资中国私募股权投资基金指引》,对LP如何考察合格GP     

管理层薪酬、持股结构与企业成长——来自PE支持企业的数据

在传统的融资路径下,中小科技型企业很难获得资金支持。私募股权投资基金的兴起,有力地支持了中小科技型企业的发展,同时私募股权投资基金也获得了良好的回报。本文通过对69家中小板私募股权投资基金支持企业的实证研究发现,管理层获酬率、平均薪酬、持股率与平均持股对企业成长拉动性并不强,而管理层获酬方差和持股方差对企业成长具有正相关关系,符合锦标赛效应。     

私募股权投资基金退出方式的研究

在当前银行贷款融资以及资本市场融资比较困难的背景下,私募股权投资在我国中小企业融资体系中的位置,越来越重要.其中,私募股权退出环节尤为重要,关系着整个投资过程的成败.本文论述了私募股权投资基金常见的几种退出方式及退出方式的利弊,进而剖析目前我国私募股权投资基金退出方式上存在的问题,并针对各个具体的问题提出合理建议.     

私募股权投资基金的规制探析

私募股权投资基金在我国不断发展壮大,对于我国资本市场的健康发展起到了积极作用。但是,由于种种客观原因,我国私募股权投资基金的立法工作迟迟没有实质性进展。私募股权投资基金不可避免地存在各种问题。法律的空白给民间私募股权投资基金提供了生存空间,也使其面临相当大的法律风险。本文通过对我国现行私募股权投资基金法律制度进行分析研究,提出我国对私募股权投资基金的法律规制应当从设立、退出和监管三个方面入手,建立和完善我国私募股权投资基金法律制度。     

《私募股权投资基金理论及案例》

全球的投资者（尤其是机构投资者）在设计投资策略时,不仅将资金继续投资到股票、债券,衍生工具等金融工具,而且开始越来越多地考虑开展另类投资,比如投资私募股权投资基金的可能性。世界上提供私人银行服务最大的几家银行已经开始向高端客户推销私募股权基金的产品。2006年,美国私募股权投资基金的资金募集规模就已经超过了股票上市所募集的资金总量。有数据显示,英国的情况也是如此。     

促进私募股权投资基金健康发展新思路研究

大力发展私募股权投资基金是我国创新金融体制改革的重要内容,为保证私募股权投资基金健康运营,建立私募股权投资健康发展新方式,需要出具相应的管理机制促进其健康发展,加速行业整合推动我国经济金融不断前进起到了积极的作用.     

私募基金合伙人契约研究*

本文借助委托代理理论框架研究私募基金的合伙人契约。有限合伙制下普通合伙人（代理人）拥有人力资本,而有限合伙人（委托人）拥有货币资本。人力资本相对稀缺,使得普通合伙人在博弈中处于相对有利地位,并获得设计合伙人契约的权利,从而博弈流程与公司制具有质的不同。本文首先给出与公司制下米里斯霍姆斯特姆罗杰森条件相对应的有限合伙制下的最优契约决定条件,将两种机制进行比较,从理论上解释私募基金的运营实践。有限合伙制下的激励程度更高,普通合伙人有动力实现更好的业绩。本文最后讨论线性契约并进行相应的函数模拟。     

An experimental study of the impact of competition for Other People’s Money: the portfolio manager market

In this paper we experimentally investigate the impact that competing for funds has on the risk-taking behavior of laboratory portfolio managers compensated through an option-like scheme according to which the manager receives (most of) the compensation only for returns in excess of pre-specified strike price. We find that such a competitive environment and contractual arrangement lead, both in theory and in the lab, to inefficient risk taking behavior on the part of portfolio managers. We then study various policy interventions, obtained by manipulating various aspects of the competitive environment and the contractual arrangement, e.g., the Transparency of the contracts offered, the Risk Sharing component in the contract linking portfolio managers to investors, etc. While all these interventions would induce portfolio managers, at equilibrium, to efficiently invest funds in safe assets, we find that, in the lab, Transparency is most effective in incentivising managers to do so. Finally, we document a behavioral “Other People’s Money” effect in the lab, where portfolio managers tend to invest the funds of their investors in a more risky manner than their Own Money, even when it is not in either the investors’ or the managers’ interest to do so.     

从契约设计角度看中国私募证券基金企业创新发展的路径选择——通过比较分析公司制与有限合伙制私募企业的激励机制

按特定组织形式组建的私募企业具有特定的内部收益分配制度,而受益分配制度的设置实际上是一种契约设计,反映了基金投资人对基金管理人的激励特征。结合目前中国私募证券基金在组织形式上的创新需求,可以利用契约理论,对可供参考的两类私募企业组织形式:公司制与有限合伙制企业的收益分配制度所对应的契约激励机制进行比较分析,为中国私募证券基金在组织形式上的创新路径选择提供参考。     

股权结构、产权性质与债券融资成本*——基于中国上市公司的实证研究

本文基于最近十年503家上市公司发行的984只债券数据，实证检验了股权结构、产权性质对债券融资成本的影响。研究表明：股权集中度与债券融资成本正相关，制衡度与债券融资成本负相关。进一步检验发现，股权结构对债券融资成本的影响在民营企业中比在国有企业中更显著，产权性质发挥了调节作用。本文一定程度上丰富了公司债券定价理论，为发行人降低债券融资成本、投资人评估债券投资风险提供了有益启示，并为监管部门完善债券市场监管政策提供了经验证据。       

Herding in delegated portfolio management: When is comparative performance information desirable?

We address the issue of investors’ asset allocation decisions when portfolio management is delegated to an agent. Contrary to predictions from traditional financial theory, it is shown that investors may not induce their manager to allocate funds to the asset with the highest return. Instead they may herd in their asset allocation decision and induce trade in a particular asset, because another manager is trading in it and despite the presence of a more profitable alternative. Doing so allows investors to write an efficiency-improving relative-performance contract. On the other hand, herding leads investors to design wage contracts strategically, resulting in more aggressive and thus less profitable trade in equilibrium. We show that herding occurs, when the cost of information is high, information precision is low and when managers are sufficiently risk averse. Moreover, when investors can decide whether or not to disclose information about their manager's performance, they will not do so.     

Content and Characteristics of Private in-House Meetings

Abstract

We investigate characteristics of private in-house meetings by analyzing 7,369 records of Chinese-listed companies’ meetings. Using meeting content, we investigate four characteristics: number and heterogeneity of external participants, communication depth, communication breadth, and importance attributed to communication by executives. An increase in the number of institutional investors attending an in-house meeting increases depth and breadth of communication, as well as the importance attributed to it by executives. Participation of public funds, securities companies’ research teams, and private equity funds increases the depth of communication, while public funds enhance its breadth. Executives of listed companies treat different types of investors differently.     

上市公司定向增发新股融资与可转换债券融资比较研究

本文以2005年5月1日至2007年12月31日中国证券市场发生的218个定向增发新股或可转换债券事件为样本,运用标准的事件研究法实证检验了中国上市公司定向增发新股与可转换债券的短期市场绩效的差异性。研究结果发现,在控制其他因素的条件下,定向增发新股的短期市场绩效显著好于可转换债券。这说明,监管当局在制定相关融资政策时,应当充分考虑证券市场投资者的意愿,为上市公司进行定向增发新股创造一个好的政策环境。     

The Efficiency of Stock-Based Incentives: Experimental Evidence

The authors report the results of laboratory experiments in which subjects are offered contracts structured similar to equity compensation packages and result in subjects receiving cash payments that are a function of their effort and random factors. The authors compare the outcomes from alternative contractual forms to theoretical benchmarks and report the efficiency of the contracts to provide evidence on whether options or stocks that have same economic cost to the employer yield the same or different effort levels from the managers. Both contracts elicit lower levels of effort than would be chosen by an expected-payoff-maximizing decision maker. Effort choices under the option contract did not differ significantly from effort choices under the stock contract except for male subjects. The option contract elicits a higher effort level for these subjects and condition than the stock contract. Effort choices reflect loss aversion and regret based on past stock price realizations.     

股权结构与股权代理成本关系的实证研究——基于2011年创业板上市公司的数据研究

公司治理的基础是股权结构,核心问题就是如何降低代理成本,但是由于特殊的历史原因,我国股权分置制度存在的弊端严重影响着公司治理。根据代理理论,股权代理成本可以划分为管理层与股东之间利益冲突引起的第一类代理成本和控股股东与中小股东之间利益冲突引起的第二类代理成本。所以本文就基于股权分置改革后的视角,以2011年创业板上市公司为样本,采用理论与实证相结合的分析方法来分析股权结构与股权代理成本之间的关系,得出股权集中度可以降低第一类代理成本和第二类代理成本;股权制衡度在一定程度上可以降低第二类代理成本,但会提高第一类代理成本;负债也会有助于降低第一类代理成本;而管理层和机构投资者持股并未起到降低代理成本的作用。     

Corporate tax avoidance and cost of equity capital: international evidence

ABSTRACT

This study examines the association between firm’s tax avoidance activities and cost of equity capital across 17 countries. Consistent with the prior study based on the U.S. evidence, within strong investor protection countries, the extent of firm’s tax avoidance is negatively associated with its cost of equity capital. This result indicates that strong investor protection induces investors to perceive firm’s tax avoidance activities as the results of efficient tax planning to reduce tax liabilities. To the contrary, we find that the extent of firm’s tax avoidance is positively associated with its cost of equity capital within weak investor protection countries. This result suggests that investors impose equity risk premium on firm’s tax avoidance activities in weak investor protection countries, where agency conflicts prevail more on firm’s tax avoidance activities. As the first international study on the association between firm’s tax avoidance activities and its cost of equity capital, this study contributes to the literature by suggesting that such an association may vary across countries depending on the strength of investor protection within each country of domicile.