陕西黄河湿地高效生态渔业结构模式及前景初探

陕西黄河湿地是我省渔业养殖的重要区域,2006～2007年度,我们在陕西黄河湿地所属的洽川湿地进行了高效生态渔业养殖实验,通过对不同的养殖模式的比对实验,基本摸索出了适合陕西黄河湿地发展的高效渔业生态结构,针对渔业发展和湿地保护两大问题,从养殖、管理、环境可持续发展等方而总结了一定的经验和方法,从而使黄河湿地渔业环境保护和高效渔业相辅相成,既保护了陕西黄河湿地渔业资源又维护了湿地生态平衡.     

北京市休闲渔业发展探究

休闲渔业发展对于我国渔业产业结构调整、渔业资源充分利用、促进农(渔)民增收等具有重要意义。本文从休闲渔业在我国的发展现状出发,从观赏鱼产业和休闲生活渔业等方面阐述了北京市休闲渔业的发展现状,并对其发展模式进行了归纳总结,同时提出北京市发展休闲渔业的五个创新模式:工厂化循环水——人工湿地科普养殖模式、工厂化循环水观赏鱼养殖休闲模式、工厂温流水休闲养殖模式、流水仿生养殖观光模式、设施渔业休闲综合模式。     

三门峡湿地经济、农民生计、生物资源的调研与思考

黄河湿地是我国重要的湿地类型，也是生物多样性最为丰富的区域。由世界渔业中心（The Word Fish Center）与中国水产科学研究院共同组成的“中国黄河流域湿地水生生物资源价值评估”项目考察组于2008年7～11月先后四次对三门峡湿地经济、农民生计和生物资源等方面进行了调研活动，发现黄河湿地的多种功能和综合利用价值尚未被管理部门和广大群众所充分认识，湿地生态系统正面临着严重威胁，湿地的保护和管理工作亟待完善。     

着力推进兴林富民 努力构建和谐社会 《实施兴林富民构建和谐社会》专刊征订启事

2月2日，由省林业厅、杭州市林业水利局、西溪国家湿地公园管委会联合主办，团省委、省海洋渔业局、省自然博物馆、共青团杭州市委、杭州市农业局协办的第11个“世界湿地日”宣传活动在西溪国家湿地公园举行。今年活动的主题是“为了渔业的明天——湿地支撑着渔业的健康发展”。省林业厅副厅长祁宏参加宣传活动并讲话。     

洪灾过后的思考

本文从湿地开发、灾害预报、渔业保险、养殖方式、投资渠道、渔政管理六个方面就水产养殖业如何面对洪灾,防灾减损进行了深入的探讨.     

洪灾过后的恩考

本文从湿地开发、灾害预报、渔业保险、养殖方式、投资渠道、渔政管理六个方面就水产养殖业如何面对洪灾，防灾减损进行了深入的探讨。     

升金湖湿地资源保护和可持续利用研究

分析了升金湖湿地丰富的生物资源、气候资源、土地资源以及旅游资源;指出了升金湖区农业、牧业、渔业缺乏协调的过度开发利用,造成资源过渡破坏问题,提出了退耕还湖,清淤蓄洪,调整湖垸布局;建立湿地开发利用环境评估制度;加强湿地保护和利用的科学研究;发展湿地特色农业、开发湿地特色的升金湖生态旅游项目,推广复合农业生态模式。     

着力转方式调结构 确保上海都市现代渔业转型升级

正近年来,上海渔业紧紧把握"发展都市现代渔业"这条主线,在转方式、调结构上下功夫,充分发挥了城市"胃"(保障水产品必要供给)、"肺"(生态湿地)功能。上海渔业的特征是"麻雀虽小,五脏齐全",多年来,上海水产系统努力加快转变渔业发展方式,加强渔业基础设施建设,落实各项支渔惠渔政策,实现了"渔业增效、渔民增收",在转型升级中探索同国际都市现代渔业相匹配的发展新路子。     

华县天然渔业水域生态环境明显改善

<正>改革开放以来,随着华县经济快速发展,华县渔业水域生态环境遭到很大破坏。近年来在华县渔政监督管理站的不懈努力下,在社会各界的关注下,华县境内的河流、水库、湿地等渔业水域生态环境明显改善,呈现了     

关于江苏泗洪县休闲渔业发展的探讨

正休闲渔业是以资源为依托,将旅游、休闲、餐饮等行业与渔业结合为一体的一种新兴产业,是实现渔业第一产业与第三产业相结合,提高渔业的社会、生态和经济效益,并使资源开发和环境保护协调发展的一种新型渔业。江苏泗洪县辖111万亩洪泽湖水面(约占全湖的40%),蕴藏丰富的水域资源、渔业资源和生态资源。近年来,泗洪县依托洪泽湖湿地公园资源优势,建造了集观     

土地整理产业化的探讨

土地整理产业化是解决目前我国土地整理资金筹措问题的有效措施，同时也是今后土地整理工作的发展方向。本文从土地整理产业化的涵义、土地整理产业化的本质特征、实行土地整理产业化的意义、我国土地整理产业化的政策法律基础以及运作模式对土地整理产业化进行了探讨，并详细地分析了我国土地整理产业化发展的制约因素，同时提出了推进土地整理产业化发展的建议。本文从各个方面对土地整理产业化进行了详细地探讨，对今后的土地整理工作具有一定的指导意义。     

江西省县域农民现代化发展水平评价及区域差异分析

目的 基于乡村振兴战略有关要求以及新阶段“三农”发展现状、特征构建农民现代化综合评价指标体系，对2019年江西省103县（区）的农民现代化发展水平进行测度和评价。方法 文章综合运用层次分析法和熵值法从职业素质、生活水平、生活环境、健康水平、市民化水平五方面选取了15个指标构建农民现代化综合评价指标体系，找出影响江西省农民现代化发展的主要因素，并对2019年江西省103县（区）的农民现代化水平进行测度。结果 （1）江西省农民现代化发展水平主要受职业素质、人均可支配收入、市民化水平等的影响；（2）江西省农民现代化发展水平总体评价值为0.565 5，空间分布上呈现出“西部高东部低，北部高南部低”的趋势；（3）从一级指标发展水平空间分布来看，农民职业素质发展水平、生活水平、生活环境发展水平、市民化发展水平均呈现出显著的多维性和异质性。其中，职业素质发展水平呈现出“西部高东部低，南部高北部低”的特征，生活水平、生活环境发展水平、市民化发展水平均呈现出“西部高东部低，北部高南部低”的特征。结论 江西省农民现代化发展进程还有待推进，未来应该在加大农民职业教育培训力度、扩大农民增收渠道、加快促进农民就地市民化、加强区域间农民现代化发展交流合作等方面加强政策引导与支持，进一步提高农民现代化发展水平。     

Changing land use intensity in Europe – Recent processes in selected case studies

In recent decades the intensification of agricultural production in many European countries has been one of the key components of land-use change. The impact of agricultural intensification varies according to national and local contexts and a greater understanding of the drivers of intensification will help to mitigate against its negative impacts and harness potential benefits. This paper analyses changes in land use intensity in six case studies in Europe. A total of 437 landowners were interviewed and their responses were analysed in relation to changes in land use intensity and agricultural production between 2001 and 2011. In the case studies in Western and Eastern Europe we observed stabilisation during the last decade, and no clear tendency of increase or decrease of land use intensity. The use of fertilizers and pesticides seems to have decreased in our cases in Western Europe, which is contrary to trends in Eastern Europe. Agricultural production remained stable in almost all cases, except for an increase in Austria and Romania which may indicate that the farming efficiency has increased. A statistical analysis showed a division between study areas in Romania and Austria (increasing land use intensity) versus those in the Netherlands, Denmark and Greece (decreasing). In the Mediterranean cases we observe a process where agriculture is becoming increasingly marginalised, at the same time as changes in function with regard to urbanisation and recreational land uses have taken place. Logistic regression highlighted the importance of farm size and farmer type in understanding changes in land use intensity. The dominant pattern of stabilisation which has occurred over the past 10 years may also partly be a result of effective EU and national environmental and agricultural policies, which are increasingly concerned with improving environmental conditions in rural areas.     

江西省乡村聚落空间分布及评价

［目的］通过江西省乡村聚落发展及演变现状对其空间分布特征进行研究，并从乡村聚落发展优化的角度提出具体建议，对江西省乡村振兴战略实施具有重要的借鉴意义。［方法］运用GIS102操作平台对江西省乡村聚落空间分布情况以乡村聚落密度、乡村规模以及人口密度进行空间等级划分，通过计算最临近点指数、地理集中指数和地理联系率分析其空间分布特征。［结果］江西省市域和县域内的乡村聚落在乡村规模、人口密度以及聚落分布密度上存在较大差异，分布呈现不均衡的特点，且与经济发展和人口密度在空间上的均衡、配合程度较高。［结论］(1)江西省乡村聚落分布密度在空间上存在较大差异，形成以南昌市为中心，包含宜春市、萍乡市和上饶市大部分县域的北部密集区，主要为北部赣江流域下游平原和鄱阳湖平原地区，抚州市南部和赣州市大部分区域乡村聚落分布密度较小； (2)江西省乡村聚落在空间上整体呈集聚型分布且分布不均衡的特点； (3)其乡村规模较大的聚落多分布在上饶、赣州、九江和宜春等地，反映出江西省丘陵区和山地区的乡村聚落规模较大。     

Impact of de-coupling agricultural support on dairy investment and milk production volume in Finland

This study analyses the impacts of de-coupling of agricultural support from production in Finland. A dynamic agricultural sector model, which includes 17 production regions and endogenous investments and technical change, is used in the analysis. Investment in different production techniques is dependent on the relative profitability and the spread of each technique in the population of heterogeneous farms. There are relatively few large farms which use efficient production techniques in Finland. De-coupling weakens the incentive for investment in dairy production and causes a temporary but significant slow down in dairy investments and technical change. Consequently, de-coupling is likely to result in a significant drop in milk and beef production in the next 10-20 year period if no corrective measures are taken in agricultural policy in less-favoured areas such as Finland. However, a slow recovery of investment and output levels are expected in the long run.     

抓住契机加快天津海洋渔业经济的发展

从城乡居民食物消费、农业现代化建设、海洋经济发展、与国民经济的发展关系诸方面论证了海洋渔业经济在天津国民经济发展中的战略地位;深入分析了天津海洋渔业经济发展状况和问题及发展前景;对天津市中心渔港建设、发展渔港海洋渔业经济区提出了建议.     

Trade and Biotechnology in Latin America: Democratization, Contestation and the Politics of Mobilization

This research explores the role of agrarian and environmental movements in contesting the development and promotion of agricultural biotechnology through trade liberalization in Latin America. Organized around themes of mobilization, participation and representation, it raises key questions about who mobilizes and how, and about the strategic dilemmas that arise when movements with different histories, membership bases and cultures of protest attempt to work together. Issues of accountability, representation and participation run through the analysis of strategies of organization and claim-making adopted by an eclectic range of groups seeking to contest the role of biotechnology in the structure of agricultural production, the institutions that manage that relationship and the discourses which sustain it. In particular, analysis centres on their responsiveness to the concerns and agendas of poorer groups in the front line of the 'gene revolution' as it plays out in the Latin American countryside, in particular in Argentina and Brazil, the key players in biotechnology in the region.     

Agriculture in transition economies: from common heritage to divergence

The 23 former socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) started the transition in 1989–1990 from a common institutional and organizational heritage, represented by the Soviet agricultural model. Despite the common heritage in agriculture, the reform policies in CEE and CIS diverged from the start, as significant differences emerged between the two groups of countries in legal attitudes to private land ownership, transferability of land, the extent of agricultural privatization and individualization, and restructuring of farms. This divergence in the implementation of agricultural reform has led to divergence in standard development measures: the CEE countries are outperforming the CIS countries by growth in GDP and agricultural product since 1992; the productivity of agricultural labor in CEE is generally increasing, and in CIS it is decreasing. While the CIS countries at best can be characterized as reluctant reformers, the CEE countries have achieved significantly higher levels of economic and institutional reform. Better performance in CEE is associated with greater readiness of the governments in these countries to implement a comprehensive package of economic and social reform policies, including more radical land reform and deeper individualization and restructuring of agriculture.     

山东省新型城镇化发展水平空间格局研究

[目的]为了解山东省新型城镇化总体发展水平,构建指标评价体系,研究了山东省17个地级市人口、土地、经济、社会、环境及综合城镇化发展水平空间分布特征,以期为山东省新型城镇化评估、加快新型城镇化建设、保证各市均衡发展、提升市民生活质量提供借鉴。[方法]该文利用熵值法计算山东省新型城镇化发展水平各评价指标权重,运用Arc-GIS12.0软件对山东省新型城镇化发展水平的空间格局进行分析。[结果]山东省新型城镇化发展整体呈现出"东北和西南高、西北和东南低"的特点。其中,经济城镇化表现为"东北、西南和中部城市突出、西北和东南城市发展较落后"的特点,与山东省新型城镇化总体发展特征相吻合;社会城镇化表现出中部、西南高,西北、东南低的特点;土地城镇化体现出以莱芜为最高值中心,以青岛、潍坊、淄博、济宁为第二高值的倒"C"型特点;人口城镇化则以济南为最高值,以菏泽、济宁、淄博、潍坊、青岛为第二高值;环境城镇化表现出"沿海城市高、中部城市低"的特征。[结论]山东省市域之间新型城镇化发展水平极不平衡,且经济在山东省新型城镇化进程中起着直接决定性作用。山东省在统筹全省新型城镇化平衡发展过程中,注重当地经济建设是根本。     

美国乡村衰败的特征、应对措施及其经验启示

目的 乡村衰败是国内外城市化进程中呈现的一种普遍现象,在城市化推进过程中,城市繁荣与乡村衰败形成了鲜明对比。由于较早进入工业化和城市化阶段,国外发达国家及地区的乡村衰败出现较早,其应对乡村衰败的经验丰富且相对成熟,梳理发达国家及地区乡村衰败的应对经验及理论模式对中国乡村振兴战略的实施具有一定借鉴意义。方法 文章首先回顾了美国城市化发展历程,分析其城乡人口流动最新趋势,从人口、就业及物质设施等方面梳理城市化背景下美国乡村衰败的基本特征,总结其应对乡村衰败实践经验及理论探讨。结果 从美国的案例中可以看出,城市对乡村的发展至关重要,至少可从三个方面获得解释。结论 美国乡村衰败应对历程对其他国家乡村问题解决具有多个经验启示,具体包括从城市化历史进程中去理解乡村衰败现象、重视城市对乡村的带动及反哺作用、承认乡村的地域差异并采取不同应对措施、重视互联网技术在乡村振兴中的作用等等,上述经验启示对中国乡村振兴战略实施具有一定借鉴意义。