劳动力市场比较优势与跨区域资本配置

文章使用手工收集和整理的2001-2013年我国上市公司设置分支机构的数据，考察了地区劳动力市场比较优势与上市公司跨区域资本配置行为之间的关系，以及劳动保护在上述关系中的作用。研究结果表明：(1)获取劳动力市场比较优势是上市公司跨区域资本配置的重要驱动因素之一，表现为上市公司更可能到劳动力资源丰富和劳动成本低的地区设置分支机构；(2)与上市公司注册地相比，一个地区的劳动力市场比较优势越明显，上市公司到该地区设置分支机构的可能性越大；(3)加强劳动保护强化了上市公司的上述行为。进一步研究发现，在民营性质和劳动密集度较高的上市公司中，为了获取劳动力市场比较优势，企业跨区域配置资本的可能性较大，劳动保护对上述关系的强化作用也较明显。     

Responsible innovators: open networks on the way to sustainability transitions

This paper elucidates ways in which small high-technology companies through using open knowledge networks may contribute to sustainability transitions. The analysis focuses on young university spin-off companies as an important channel for bringing responsible innovations from university to market while it connects the micro-level with the meso-level of networks supporting socio-technical system changes. A conceptual reflection on responsible innovation, openness in knowledge networks and socio-technical systems’ transitions, is followed by an empirical research. Based on a hundred companies and four case studies, the results indicate that responsible innovation is one of the drivers of openness in knowledge networks. However, partner diversity in openness tends to have a negative effect on growth of the companies. Our preliminary evidence indicates that focus (product–market) and selectivity in the choice of partners connected to professional (venture) capital, market access, credibility and complementary assets are highly relevant when it comes to influencing change in socio-technical systems. A discussion of the implications of this study and suggestions for future research close the paper.     

风险投资对上市公司投融资行为影响的实证研究

本文研究风险投资机构对上市公司投融资行为的影响机制和作用效果,结果发现:风险投资的加入不仅可以抑制公司对自由现金流的过度投资,而且可以增加公司的短期有息债务融资和外部权益融资,并在一定程度上缓解因现金流短缺所导致的投资不足问题。进一步研究还发现不同特征的风险投资机构均可起到抑制自由现金流过度投资的作用,但只有高持股比例、高声誉、联合投资或非国有背景的风险投资机构才能够显著地改善外部融资环境,缓解现金短缺公司的投资不足问题。综合本文研究结果,作者认为企业上市后仍然可以利用风险投资机构的监督职能、声誉资源和融资关系网络来解决代理问题和信息不对称问题,进而促进企业投融资行为的规范化和理性化。     

我国建筑业市场进入壁垒为何失效

我国建筑业具有典型的分散型产业组织特征,市场集中度偏低的主要原因在于进入门槛较低。规模经济、产品差异化、必要资本量、绝对费用等结构性进入壁垒没有起到限制企业进入的作用,而企业资质管理作为一种市场准入制度,虽然构成了建筑市场最主要的进入壁垒,但在等级设定、专业划分等方面缺乏长期性和稳定性,长期来看对于抑制过度进入和优化产业结构的作用比较有限。     

Social capital, ICT use and company performance: Findings from the Medicon Valley Biotech Cluster

This study explores how some uses of ICTs, as well as having social capital and other means of access to knowledge resources, are related to company performance in a knowledge-intensive business cluster. Data were collected through a survey of companies in the Medicon Valley biotech region located in Denmark and Southern Sweden. Responding companies included established producers of biotechnology-related products as well as small biotechnology start-up firms emphasizing research and development. The results suggest that when ICT use was aimed at accessing and enhancing human and intellectual capital, such as use of online databases for recruitment, intranets to enhance employee access to information and education, and collaborative tools to connect with off-premise researchers, companies reported better performance outcomes. Social capital in the form of connections to people who can provide access to information and opportunity predicted company performance, particularly for small start-up companies. The pattern of results complements prior work that establishes the importance of social capital in regional business clusters by demonstrating how certain ICT uses complement personal relationships to enhance the likelihood of success among companies in the region.     

The adoption of new technology by listed companies: the case of Twitter

This study investigates the adoption of Twitter by Australian listed companies for disseminating marketing information (including corporate promotion) and for directly interacting with consumers. Based on a sample of the Top 200 Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) listed companies, we find that companies with larger market capital are more likely to adopt Twitter for static advertising, a one-way communication approach, and direct interaction with consumers, a two-way communication approach. Companies with smaller market capital that adopt Twitter for marketing communication appear to disseminate more corporate promotion information, a static advertising approach. Overall, our results indicate that the level of a company's access to resources can influence their adoption of a new technology and the manner in which it is used. This study calls for further clarification of regulation regarding marketing communication on social media and experience sharing between industry practitioners.     

信息披露质量与股权融资成本

本文以深圳证券市场A股上市公司为样本,研究中国上市公司的信息披露质量是否会对其股权融资成本产生影响。我们采用剩余收益模型计算上市公司的股权融资成本,分别以披露总体质量与盈余披露质量指标反映上市公司的信息披露质量。研究发现,在控制β系数、公司规模、账面市值比、杠杆率、资产周转率等因素的条件下,信息披露质量较高的样本公司边际股权融资成本较低,这说明我国上市公司的信息披露质量会对其股权融资成本产生积极影响。研究还发现,盈余平滑度和披露总体质量是影响样本公司股权融资成本的主要信息披露质量特征。最后基于上述发现提出了若干政策建议。     

智力资本、股权结构与企业绩效关系研究——基于沪深股市2008-2012高科技公司的实证

本文以2008-2012年沪深股市的189家高科技公司为样本,探讨智力资本和股权结构对企业绩效的影响。实证结果表明：规模效应并不利于促进高科技企业提高创新能力;非控股高科技企业智力资本、股权结构对绩效的作用优于控股企业,股权制衡度能够显著提高企业绩效,股权集中度与企业绩效正相关。另外,智力资本和股权制衡度对我国高科技企业绩效提高具有显著的积极作用。     

现代金融控股公司:发展与挑战

现代金融体系的核心是资本市场,资本资源的配置主要通过资本市场完成,传统商业银行的地位和作用不断削弱。面对金融体系的这种结构性变化,商业银行、证券公司和保险公司等金融机构不断融合,走向集中化、国际化和全能化,金融控股公司就是这一进程中出现的重要的金融组织形态。它的出现与发展,一方面打破了传统金融机构竞争的格局,另一方面也给金融监管提出了挑战。     

Analysis on Inefficiency of Transmitting the Monetary Policy of the Capital Market

Looking from the institutional system that the stock market services the state-owned enterprises, the bad corporate governing structure of the state-owned listed companies, the lack of balance between the yield from an investment and the stock, and the polarization of the wealth distribution in the stock market, we make an intensive analysis and exploration on the inefficiency of transmitting monetary policy of Chinese capital market herein.     

Patents, firm size and financial constraints: an empirical analysis for a panel of Italian manufacturing firms

The paper empirically investigates the issue of financial constraintsto investment, focusing on its relationship with innovationactivities. The study is based on the analysis of a cross-industriespanel of 804 Italian companies, observed through the years 1995–2000.The main objective of the study is to highlight whether thereare financial determinants underlying the strong bias of patentingactivity towards larger companies in the Italian economy. Byapplying a dynamic panel analysis, we found that only the firmsshowing lower financial constraints are able to keep a sustainedpatenting profile through time. Our evidence suggests the existenceof an imperfect capital market in the Italian economy, particularlyin the case of medium-sized companies, which tend to delay inefficientlythe start of in-house R&D activities.     

异质性媒体与资本市场信息效率

新闻传媒通过其信息处理和传播功能 ,对资本市场的信息整合产生了重要影响.不同于以往的研究 ,文章深入新闻传媒行业内部 ,探讨了不同类别的媒体(中央媒体与各地方媒体)对中国资本市场信息效率的差异化影响.研究发现:中央媒体既可以直接提升资本市场信息效率 ,又可以通过削弱政治关联对资本市场信息整合的不利影响,间接改善资本市场信息效率;地方媒体虽然能够直接提升资本市场信息效率 ,但是无力削弱政治关联对资本市场信息整合的不利影响 ,其间接渠道并不起作用.这一结果考虑了媒体跟踪上市公司时可能产生的内生性问题 ,在一系列稳健性测试中始终存在.文章认为 ,相对于地方媒体 ,中央媒体在信息透明度较低情况下的信息获取和处理的能力优势 ,以及面对政治关联时保持客观报道的独立性优势,可以解释这一发现.     

战略承诺、融资约束与债务选择*——债券市场支持了谁的战略发展

本文旨在从战略承诺视角考察债券市场的资源配置功能。研究显示,自2007年《公司债券发行试点办法》实施以来,债券市场在支持企业的战略发展方面具有重要性。但进一步研究表明,该支持作用只存在于所受融资约束较低的企业中。即：市场化进程较高、终极控制人为国有性质、内部资本市场活跃的上市公司,其战略承诺越高时,越可能采用债券融资方式;而承受较高融资约束的企业的债券融资方式对战略承诺的敏感性则不稳健,或者敏感系数低于前者。这说明债券市场的资源配置功能受到了融资约束的限制,而非缓解了融资约束。进一步来说,“强者恒强、弱者恒弱”是金融资源配置的内在规律,而无论其形式在中介与市场之间如何变化。该结论深化了对金融资源配置功能的理解。依据本文的研究,未来改革既要完善金融体系,更要提升企业负债能力,否则,市场将很难依靠它的内在机制达到均衡配置。     

民营上市公司治理存在的问题与对策

随着公司在数量上的日益增长,建立完善的资本市场已迫在眉睫。上市公司组成了资本市场,资本市场与上市公司的发展紧密相关,而公司治理则决定了上市公司的发展,如何治理好公司对发展资本市场至关重要。民营公司是市场经济发展的生力军,是国民经济的重要组成部分。文章针对我国民营上市公司治理存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策建议。     

金融创新、资本配置与企业技术创新

当前,金融创新在企业技术创新过程中的作用日益凸显。金融创新一方面能够为企业技术创新提供更多融资方式和工具;另一方面可通过优化企业资本配置,间接促进企业技术创新。基于内生金融发展理论和内部资本市场有效理论,构建理论分析框架,从微观层面研究金融创新对企业技术创新的影响路径。以2011-2015年343家战略性新兴产业A股上市企业数据为研究样本,实证分析金融创新、资本配置与技术创新之间的关系。结果发现,金融创新能够通过提高企业资本配置效率正向促进战略性新兴产业上市企业技术创新。结论可为战略性新兴产业合理运用金融创新、提升企业资本配置效率进而促进技术创新提供理论参考。     

Connecting life science entrepreneurs with resources and expertise: the role of iungens brokerage in life science innovation

Life science innovation demands detailed expertise at each stage of the development of a commercial product. Besides a perceived shortage of venture capital, venturing life science companies face the challenge of limited access to qualified expertise in regulatory affairs and commercialisation. Examining a bio hub initiative at a major pharmaceutical company, a form of in-house incubator wherein life science companies can both take advantage of laboratory facilities and the stock of expertise of the hosting company, it is argued that such initiatives support the life science innovation field. Taking on an iungens brokerage role, the hosting company effectively connects previously separated actors, thus lowering the transaction costs incurred when accessing qualified scientific, regulatory, and commercial know-how, which are all of great value to life science companies during the venturing phase. The iungens brokerage role thus represents a highly valuable position in the field of life science innovation.     

当前中国资本市场面临的三大问题

透明度是全球资本市场面临的共同问题。如果我们不能有效地解决透明度问题,不能解决上市公司和中介机构如实地向社会披露信息的问题,那么资本市场就没有发展前途。资金多元化问题是中国资本市场发展面临的重要问题。中国资本市场如果要成为现代金融体系的基础,我们就必须推动资本市场资金渠道的多元化。股权分裂是中国资本市场目前面临的根本性问题。中国资本市场规范和发展的重点,是如何建立一个具有完整流动性的市场,而不是流动性分裂的市场。中国资本市场存在的种种问题,大多源自于股权分裂所决定的制度缺陷。     

Capital structure choice and ownership: evidence from electronics enterprises in China

Empirical studies on capital structure mostly focus on listed companies and also on countries other than China. In this paper, we employ a panel dataset for 4,716 large and medium-sized enterprises in the Chinese electronics industry during the period 2005–2007 in order to investigate the determinants of their capital structure choice. Using the debt ratio as the dependent variable, we find that firm size and potential growth have a positive effect on the debt ratio whereas profitability has a negative effect. We show that decisions on the debt ratio are based on mixed factors that the various theories suggest. The unlisted Chinese companies which are unable to access to the securities market are prone to acquire bank loans as sources for funds which provides room for the modification of pecking order theory based on listed companies. As to ownership structure, we find that those Chinese electronics enterprises with higher portions of foreign equity tend to have lower debt ratios.     

市场择时理论的中国适用性--基于1998～2003年上市公司的实证分析

自2002年Baker和Murgler明确提出市场择时理论以来,传统资本结构理论的解释力度受到一定程度的质疑,国外学者围绕这一新兴的资本结构理论展开激烈的争论.文章运用1998年1月1日～2003年12月31日间中国沪深两市IPO公司财务数据试图第一次较为全面地检验市场择时理论在中国的适用性.实证结果表明在样本期内中国上市公司确实存在着股票融资和债务融资的市场择时行为;债务融资的市场择时行为并不显著影响中国上市公司的资本结构,而股票融资的市场择时行为短期内显著影响公司的资本结构;股票融资的市场择时行为不具有持久影响资本结构的效应,总的说来,市场择时理论并不适用于中国的上市公司.     

资本形成、融资偏好与经济发展

中国企业资本形成的演变经历了计划经济体制下财政主导型模式、转轨体制下银行主导模式和市场经济下多元化阶段。我国的资本形成比率和经济增长率形成了显著的剪刀差,资本-产出比率与经济增长率之间存在着一个显著的负相关关系,而出现这个负相关关系的主要原因是资本的形成对经济增长表现出不敏感。这意味着,缺乏一个有效率的投资体制和金融体系是中国经济未来持续增长的严重制约。