我国物流成本控制的影响因素与路径研究

针对当前我国物流发展以及成本控制现状进行分析,分析构成物流成本的主要要素,剖析了当前我国出现的高成本物流的具体原因,指出当前我国物流行业整体发展水平较低的主要原因在于物流成本太高,针对我国存在的物流成本居高不下的成因,采用结构路径图做出分析,重点分析我国物流成本难以控制的主要原因,提出了提升我国物流成本控制水平的有效路径。     

我国物流成本控制的影响因素与路径分析

在对我国物流成本现状进行分析的基础上,得出物流成本的主要构成要素,通过对我国物流成本居高不下的原因进行整理,发现物流成本的高低直接决定了我国物流业发展水平,进而整理出影响我国物流成本控制的关键因素,采用结构路径图分析了这些因素作用于物流成本控制效果的具体路径,在此基础上提出了物流成本控制的具体措施,为下一步物流成本综合评价指数的构建提供路径基础和分析条件.     

企业物流成本控制对策与措施

当前我国企业特别是制造企业由于生产批量大,劳动力成本低,同时又有较强的柔性生产能力,在国际上具有一定的竞争力,而物流成本却大大高于发达国家,在综合成本中起的是抵消作用。在一般的社会产品中,我国的人力资源成本相当于发达国家的五分之一,而物流成本高出三倍,当前物流成本过高己成为中国企业发展的主要障碍之一。我国物流成本控制问题应该从企业物流成本的局部及综合控制两个方面着手研究物流成本控制的对策。企业物流局部成本控制物流成本的局部控制,就是在企业的物流活动中,针对物流的运输成本、仓储成本、装卸搬运成本、包装费用及…     

中小连锁超市物流成本控制与优化策略分析

通过分析我国当前中小连锁超市的物流成本现状与问题,根据物流成本对连锁超市的影响,构建了三条连锁超市的物流成本控制与优化路径,即建立大区域和小区域网络化的超市物流协作系统;建立针对超市的高速专业化的物流体系,以实现大区域和小区域中小连锁超市的物流外包;建立扁平的货物配送体系,简化超市物流层次。通过这三条路径,可以全面优化超市的物流线路,大幅度降低中小连锁超市的物流成本。     

外贸企业控制物流成本的路径研究

针对中国外贸企业物流成本整体状况以及外贸企业的物流特点,分析了外贸企业在物流成本控制中存在的问题及成因,提出了加强物流成本控制理念、优化物流业务流程、提高物流管理信息化和社会化程度、提高专业人才素质、科学选择货运代理等强化外贸企业物流成本控制的路径.     

现代成本管理方法在我国物流企业成本管理中的应用研究

目前,根据我国物流企业的发展现状来分析,超过半数的物流企业存在物流设施不先进,物流作业科学技术含量不高,物流标准化、信息化程度不高等问题.由于我国物流水平与发达国家物流的水平还存在一定的差距,所以,我国物流企业逐渐认识到物流成本管理的重要作用.在激烈的市场竞争环境下,物流企业需要对物流成本进行控制,才能降低物流成本,增加企业利润.作为物流企业进行物流管理的核心内容,是否能准确核算和有效控制成本成为企业提高管理水平、增强市场竞争优势的关键.因此,物流成本管理方法的应用极为重要.本文首先概述了物流企业成本管理,其次简要叙述了成本管理的主要方法,最后提出了在我国物流企业成本管理中应用现代成本管理方法的策略.     

探讨企业物流成本的控制措施

当前市场竞争日益激烈,为占据竞争优势,企业需做好内部的管理工作,以为企业创造更多的利润,提高经济效益创造条件。而在企业的内部管理中,物流管理是其中重要组成部分之一。尤其是控制好物流成本对于降低企业运营成本,提高经济效益,进而提高企业竞争力有重要意义。但现阶段,物流成本控制工作还存在很多弊端,企业物流管理的首要任务是做好物流成本的控制工作。本文围绕企业的物流成本控制工作展开讨论,分析总结了当前物流成本控制工作中存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的解决措施,以期能为提高企业的物流成本控制水平有所帮助。     

基于遗传算法的农产品物流车辆路径问题决策研究

我国农产品物流成本较高的主要原因之一是缺乏科学的管理技术,尤其是基于定量分析的决策技术。对物流车辆路径问题的优化可以有效降低农产品的物流成本。针对农产品的时效性,对带有时间窗的农产品物流车辆路径问题,引入客户满意度函数,建立实例决策模型,运用遗传算法工具箱进行优化求解。通过对优化前后的数据进行比较,验证决策模型的可行性和合理性。     

从物流成本看我国物流业发展现状

现代物流的发展水平是衡量一个国家综合国力的重要指标之一,而物流成本是衡量一个国家物流发展水平的重要指标。由于诸多方面的原因,我国的物流成本居高不下,降低物流项目的回报率,降低物流企业的竞争力。本文分析了造成这种状况的原因,并提出一定的解决措施。     

煤炭企业物流成本控制案例分析

近年来,我国的物流管理效率低下已经成为制约我国企业发展的主要瓶颈,文章对作业成本法在企业物流成本的控制运用方面进行了重点研究。将作业成本法引入物流成本控制体系中,其中物流成本核算可以运用作业成本法进行准确核算,物流成本分析可运用作业成本法进行数据分析。通过煤炭企业物流成本控制案例进行分析说明,证明作业成本法的重要性及企业物流成本控制的整体性。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.