数字经济对我国区域协调发展的影响研究——基于经济增长收敛视角的分析

经济增长收敛是协调区域发展、助力共同富裕的重要条件。基于经济增长收敛分析框架,使用全国267个地级市2011—2020年的面板数据,探析数字经济对我国区域经济增长收敛性的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,数字经济能够显著促进我国城市经济增长并加速促进地区经济增长收敛,缩小地区间经济发展差距。机制分析表明,数字经济可以通过提高创新发展能力、改善资本要素错配情况来促进落后地区经济增长,助力区域协调发展。同时,数字经济在促进区域经济增长收敛时呈现明显的地理空间差异和政府财政能力差异,对西部、北方、非沿海城市和财政自给率较低的城市经济增长收敛效应更加显著。应继续推进数字基础设施建设,大力发展数字经济,以促进区域经济协调增长助力全国统一大市场构建。     

金融发展、金融市场化与实体经济资本配置效率

在对Wurgler的资本配置效率估算模型进行修正的基础上,实证检验了我国金融发展和金融市场化水平对实体经济资本配置效率的影响,研究表明：金融市场化显著优化了我国实体经济资本的配置,而我国以银行信贷为主体的金融体系的发展虽然促进了实体经济资本配置效率的提高,但效果不明显。研究还发现：在所引入的控制变量中,经济发展水平对资本配置效率的影响显著较大。进一步分区域回归结果显示,经济越发达的地区,金融市场化程度越高,其优化作用越显著,但随着地区经济发展,经济发展水平自身对资本配置的优化作用在减弱。     

产业集聚的资源错配效应研究

研究目标：分析产业集聚对资源错配的影响效果。研究方法：通过错配指数计算划分错配类型、面板门槛回归确定集聚发展阶段、面板聚类区分错配程度,最后对不同分类情况进行面板固定效应和Tobit模型回归分析。研究发现：影响资源错配的因素非常复杂,既与错配本身的技术因素有关,也与产业的空间集聚因素有关。产业集聚能在大多数情况下对资源错配起到积极效果,而处于产业集聚成长期且资本配置不足劳动力配置过度的行业资源错配情况最严重。研究创新：从内涵型错配和集聚发展阶段的视角,多方面分类比较。研究价值：产业集聚的资源错配效应研究为行业补足发展短板,提高全要素生产率,从而提高经济增长的质量和效益提供了参考。     

数字经济促进了中国服务业结构升级吗?

本文结合当前大力发展数字经济的背景,在政府与市场关系的理论框架下,探究数字经济对中国服务业结构升级的影响及其机制。研究发现,数字经济显著促进了中国城市服务业结构升级,政府治理效能显著增强了数字经济的促进作用。数字经济可以通过提高劳动力、资本和技术等要素效率推动服务业结构升级;政府治理效能强化了数字经济的资本效率提升机制和技术效率提升机制,但未明显改善数字经济的劳动效率提升机制。异质性分析表明,数字经济四个维度的影响效果存在一定差异,数字产业、数字用户和数字平台产生了正向影响,但数字创新的作用并不显著;另外,数字经济对一线城市、中心城市、东部城市和服务业结构水平较高城市的促进作用更为明显。本文丰富了数字经济与产业结构等相关领域的研究,也为中国数字经济发展和服务业结构升级提供了一定的参考依据和政策启示。     

数字经济对中国城市绿色发展的影响作用研究

研究目标:检验数字经济对地区绿色发展水平的影响及其作用差异。研究方法:运用效率分析、熵值法测度2011～2018年全国285个地级及以上城市的数字经济和绿色发展水平,并采取面板模型探讨数字经济发展对地区绿色发展的影响作用。研究发现:研究期间我国各地级市的数字经济和绿色发展水平区域差异较大,数字经济对城市绿色发展具有促进作用,但该作用存在时滞性和异质性。研究创新:基于上市公司企业数据库,筛选建立全国数字经济企业数据集与城市层面匹配数据,从微观视角对地区的数字经济和绿色发展水平进行测度。研究价值:从数字经济发展角度,为我国绿色发展转型路径的政策设计提供参考。     

金融科技、金融发展与经济增长

金融科技的健康发展是我国经济和金融发展的基础,也是金融发展水平和经济发展质量得到提升的保证。基于2011~2018年我国省际面板数据,运用熵值法测算出各地区的金融发展水平,采用线性回归模型和面板门限模型,探究金融科技、金融发展对经济增长的影响。实证结果表明:金融科技对经济发展程度不同地区的经济增长均有显著的促进作用;在经济发达地区,金融发展能够有效促进经济增长,在经济欠发达地区,金融发展反而会抑制经济增长,这可能是由于经济欠发达地区的金融体系和金融市场不完善,金融资源未能得到有效配置。金融发展对经济增长的影响呈现“U型”关系,当金融发展水平较低时会出现金融抑制问题,阻碍经济增长;随着金融发展水平的不断提高,金融发展对经济增长有促进作用。进一步研究发现,金融科技对经济增长的影响存在基于金融发展的双门限效应,呈现出非均衡性。当金融发展处于较低水平时,金融科技会抑制经济发展,随着金融发展水平的不断提高,金融科技会促进经济发展,并且促进作用增强。相关部门要加大对金融科技的监管力度,建立健全金融业法律法规,充分发挥金融科技和金融发展对经济增长的促进作用。     

资本效率信息扭曲、信息使用者决策与资本错配

本文选取2009—2019年我国沪深两市A股上市公司作为样本,研究资本效率信息扭曲如何影响微观实体资本错配.研究发现:资本效率信息扭曲与资本错配之间存在正相关关系,资本效率信息扭曲程度越大,企业资本错配越严重;资本效率信息扭曲会通过误导股东投资决策、银行信贷决策以及管理层资本配置决策进而作用于企业资本配置,即各方信息使用者决策在信息扭曲与资本错配之间发挥了部分中介作用.通过从资本效率信息扭曲的视角探究我国微观实体资本错配的形成机理,为缓解微观实体资本错配现状、促进实体经济的高质量发展提供一定参考.     

数字经济发展对制造业企业资源配置效率的影响研究

研究目标:在数字经济蓬勃发展的背景下,基于我国数字经济发展和制造业企业资源配置效率的特征事实,考察城市数字经济发展对微观制造业企业资源配置效率的影响。研究方法:拓展了Hsieh和Klenow(2009)对宏观资源配置效率的测算框架,测度上市公司制造业企业的资源配置效率,使用面板固定效应法和工具变量法进行了实证检验。研究发现:在考察期内,我国数字经济发展态势良好,我国制造业企业资源配置效率水平呈现出先降低后升高的变化态势;城市数字经济发展显著提升了制造业企业的资源配置效率;数字经济发展可以显著提升中西部地区制造业企业的资源配置效率,但对东部地区制造业企业资源配置效率的影响不显著;数字经济发展可以显著提升一般城市和人口规模小于等于500万人的城市内制造业企业的资源配置效率,但对重点城市和人口规模大于500万人的城市内制造业企业资源配置效率的影响不显著;数字经济发展可以显著提升非国有制造业企业的资源配置效率,但对国有制造业企业资源配置效率的影响不显著;数字经济发展可以显著提升垄断性行业内企业的资源配置效率,但对竞争性行业内企业资源配置效率的影响不显著。研究创新:利用企业实际产出规模与最优产出...     

数字金融与企业融资约束——来自中国A股上市企业的经验证据

在我国经济发展进入新阶段的背景下，认识和利用数字金融以支持实体经济高质量发展，对缓解企业融资约束具有重要的现实意义。立足数字金融视角，通过理论分析并采用2011—2021年沪深A股上市公司面板数据为研究样本，验证数字金融对缓解企业融资约束具有显著促进作用。研究表明，数字金融的发展能够有效减轻企业的融资困境，为企业提供更多样化的融资渠道，这一结论在控制稳健性之后依然成立。机制检验发现，可能存在的两条中介传导路径，一是数字金融微观上通过降低融资费用缓解企业融资困境，二是宏观上通过促进要素市场发育缓解企业融资约束。异质性分析表明，这种缓解效应在沿海地区和制造行业更加显著。一系列研究结论能丰富现有研究数字金融与企业融资困境的文献，为后续优化金融政策导向进而发挥自由市场竞争优势、多样化融资渠道提供参考。     

金融生态环境对资本配置效率影响的实证分析——以长江经济带为例

我国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段,如何发挥金融生态的"资金洼地"效应,提高资本配置效率,是当前研究的热点之一。本文选取2001-2015年长江经济带11个省市的数据,运用BP神经网络模型和DEA-Malmquist指数法,分别测算该流域地区金融生态环境指数和资本配置效率,再应用面板数据的固定效应模型和系统GMM法,先后探究金融生态环境对资本配置效率的影响机制和影响效果。研究表明,金融生态环境通过作用于金融主体显著影响资本配置效率,金融生态环境越好的地区,金融主体发展的促进作用就越大;资本配置效率与经济基础、制度和诚信水平正相关,而与政府行为负相关,政府干预越多,就越不利于资本配置效率的提高。最后,据此提出了改善长江经济带金融生态环境的建议。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.