三维智力资本对盈利能力的影响研究——基于市场竞争的考量

文章探讨在不同竞争维度内,智力资本要素作用于盈利能力的差异。研究发现:智力资本要素中,人力资本、关系资本对盈利能力有显著的激励效应,结构资本对盈利能力没有显著效应,同时三者存在抑制性的交互效应。市场竞争对智力资本与盈利能力的关系具有调节作用,随着行业竞争程度降低,人力资本对盈利能力的促进作用加强,结构资本对盈利能力的阻碍作用减弱,关系资本对盈利能力没有明显改变;随着企业竞争地位提高,人力资本对盈利能力的促进作用减弱,结构资本对盈利能力的阻碍作用减弱,关系资本对盈利能力没有明显改变。     

供应链异质性资源、能力与绩效关系研究——基于物流企业与供应链成员间多边合作的视角

本文以物流企业与客户及上下游企业多边合作的供应链为研究视角,在对相关研究文献进行梳理的基础上,构建了供应链异质性资源、资源能力和绩效三者之间关系的理论模型,并提出两大假设:供应链异质性资源对于供应链绩效的提升具有正向影响;供应链异质性资源能力对于异质性资源正向影响供应链绩效具有调节影响作用。研究表明:在物流企业参与多边合作的供应链中,异质性资源起到了基础作用,是供应链绩效提升的源泉;资源能力对"供应链异质性资源——绩效"关系起到了调节作用,揭示了在异质性资源能力的协同作用下,供应链倾向于运用不同的资源获取、整合以及释放能力实现供应链绩效。     

供应链管理对企业竞争力及绩效影响的实证分析

本文构建了供应链管理模型对制造企业竞争力及企业绩效影响的分析模型,并以江西省146家制造企业为调查对象,采用结构方程模型对企业资源能力、供应链管理、竞争优势与企业绩效之间的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,供应链管理实施不仅对组织绩效有显著的直接正向影响,而且还通过竞争优势对组织绩效产生显著的间接正向影响;企业资源能力对企业绩效的直接影响不显著,但对供应链管理实施有显著的正向影响;企业资源能力与供应链管理实施对竞争优势均有显著的正向影响,竞争优势对组织绩效有显著的正向影响。     

管理层激励、R&D投入与企业绩效——基于国有上市公司的实证分析

选取2015年国有上市公司为研究对象,对企业研发投入强度、管理层激励以及企业财务绩效和市场价值进行了实证分析。研究发现,研发投入强度对国有上市公司企业财务绩效的影响并不明显,但对企业市场价值具有显著的正面影响,管理层激励对二者均起到了积极的促进作用。进一步研究发现,管理层薪酬激励对国有上市公司研发强度与财务绩效关系起到显著的正向调节作用,而管理层股权激励对二者关系的调节作用较弱;同时在对企业市场价值(托宾Q值)的研究中发现,管理层股权激励对国有上市公司研发强度与企业市场价值关系起到了更加显著的正向调节作用,而管理层薪酬激励对二者关系的调节作用并不明显。     

高管薪酬差距、管理者任期与研发投资强度北大核心

基于锦标赛理论和高层梯队理论,以沪深两市2010～2015年所有A股上市公司为样本,研究高管薪酬差距与企业研发投资强度的关系,并考察管理者任期的调节作用。研究结果表明:高管薪酬差距对企业研发投资决策有正向激励作用,且在高新技术企业中作用更明显;二者之间的激励作用会受到管理者任期的影响,管理者既有任期起到正向调节作用,管理者预期任期的调节作用不显著;管理者既有任期的调节作用在不同年龄和不同地区发展水平分组间存在差异,高管平均年龄小于48岁的管理者既有任期调节作用明显;相较于不发达地区,处于发达地区的企业既有任期调节作用更显著。     

供应链伙伴关系、供应链动态能力与企业竞争优势关系的研究

通过分析供应链伙伴关系、供应链动态能力和企业竞争优势之间关系,构建了三者之间的概念模型。其中供应链伙伴关系包括信任和承诺两个维度;供应链动态能力包括运作能力、学习能力、协调能力和重构能力四个维度;企业竞争优势包括财务绩效和非财务绩效等两个维度。利用结构方程分析实证结果表明:供应链伙伴关系对企业竞争优势有正向作用关系;供应链动态能力对企业竞争优势有正向作用关系;供应链伙伴关系对供应链动态能力有正向作用,并且通过供应链动态能力对企业竞争优势有间接作用。     

供应链伙伴关系、供应链动态能力与企业竞争优势关系的研究

通过分析供应链伙伴关系、供应链动态能力和企业竞争优势之间关系,构建了三者之间的概念模型.其中供应链伙伴关系包括信任和承诺两个维度;供应链动态能力包括运作能力、学习能力、协调能力和重构能力四个维度;企业竞争优势包括财务绩效和非财务绩效等两个维度.利用结构方程分析实证结果表明:供应链伙伴关系对企业竞争优势有正向作用关系;供应链动态能力对企业竞争优势有正向作用关系;供应链伙伴关系对供应链动态能力有正向作用,并且通过供应链动态能力对企业竞争优势有间接作用.     

供应链企业间机会主义行为对合作绩效的影响——交互能力和信任的中介作用

网络经济时代,加强供应链管理,有效控制机会主义行为,实现供应链企业间协同作用已成为提升企业绩效水平的关键。文章通过文献梳理,构建了机会主义行为、交互能力、信任与合作绩效的关系模型,利用156家企业的样本数据,运用结构方程模型,对上述关系模型进行了实证分析。研究结果显示:供应链企业间机会主义行为对交互能力、信任与合作绩效有显著的负向影响;供应链企业间信任对交互能力与合作绩效有显著的正向影响;供应链企业间交互能力对合作绩效有显著的正向影响;在机会主义行为与合作绩效之间的关系研究中,交互能力和信任起中介作用。     

内外部治理环境、政府补贴与创新投入

本文以2014—2018年中国制造业A股上市公司为研究样本,分析了政府补贴对创新投入的非线性作用与内外部治理环境的调节作用.研究表明:政府补贴与创新投入呈倒U型关系,适度的政府补贴才能够显著激励企业创新投入,而低度或高额度政府补贴抑制了企业创新投入,并且此结论在国有与非国有企业均成立;公司治理质量正向调节政府补贴与创新投入的倒"U"型关系;中度或高度的市场竞争正向调节政府补贴与创新投入的关系,而低度的市场竞争调节作用不显著.     

技术和制度创新驱动下国企混合所有制改革的绩效研究

混合所有制改革的实质是制度创新,制度变革经技术创新驱动影响国有企业的绩效.研究发现:国企混合所有制改革对企业绩效具有显著的正向影响,研发投入在国企混合所有制改革与企业绩效的关系中起着部分中介作用;转型期制度因素对国企混合所有制改革的绩效有一定的调节作用,其中政府与市场的关系、市场中介组织的发育和法治环境具有显著的正向调节作用,但要素市场发育程度的调节效应则不显著,要素市场的进程仍严重滞后于产品市场.据此,我国国企混合所有制改革应坚持技术和制度双轮驱动,同步释放创新活力;坚持政府主导地位,重视市场机制作用;坚持完善依法治理,加强法制化建设.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.