最佳城市规模理论的三种研究方法

传统的最佳城市规模理论的研究方法主要是成本收益法和经验研究法,成本收益法理论上是合理的,但应用性相对较弱,经验研究法结论丰富,但一定程度上忽视了城市化经济与地方化经济的关联性.最新的城市环境法,依据相关的测度指标,通过对经济、社会、环境的相互作用的研究来确定最佳城市规模.     

不同视角的城市竞争力评价研究透析

自20世纪90年代末我国学者开始关注城市竞争力问题以来,国内学者在对国外城市竞争力理论研究成果消化、吸收、借鉴基础上,逐步开始深入探讨城市竞争力相关理论,并广泛开展了城市竞争力评价的实证研究,取得了丰硕的研究成果,对于完善和发展城市竞争力评价研究具有重要意义.但城市竞争力评价研究作为一个新兴的研究领域,还很不成熟.     

产业集聚的文献综述

产业集聚是企业为追求外部的规模经济而形成的一种同类型企业在区域上的分布集中,是产业的优化配置的一种表现.目前,产业集聚成为推动我国经济的重要力量.从19世纪末马歇尔提出的外部经济和内部经济的产业集聚理论开始,国内外经济学者对产业集聚从不同的研究角度做出了很多的解释.本文从产业集聚的概念、 相关理论基础的演进以及影响因素进行了归纳与总结.     

审计质量与会计事务所规模实证研究评述

关于审计质量与事务所规模的相关性研究,国外学者已经进行了很长时间的理论和实证研究,并一致认为事务所规模大小显著影响审计质量的高低.我国学者近几年来对该问题也进行了广泛的理论和实证研究,但得出了两种截然不同的观点.     

城市区位研究的回顾与评述

回顾了中心地理论提出以来国内外学者关于城市区位的相关研究,包括对中心地理论的修正与检验,基于该理论的城市体系空间分布模式研究,及其在聚落体系规划和中心城市服务功能研究中的应用等;总结了空间结构理论对城市区位研究的拓展,以及基于城市区位理论的城市形成发展动力相关研究;对城市区位相关研究的趋势和问题进行了评述.     

城市灾害应急能力评价指标体系建构

城市灾害应急能力的评价是城市灾害管理的重要内容,也是城市防灾减灾的重要保障,建立城市灾害应急能力评价指标体系对增强城市灾害管理能力和提高政府部门对灾害的应急响应能力有重要的意义.从系统理论的角度出发,运用层次分析法对城市灾害应急能力的评价指标进行分级,在结合城市灾害特征的基础上建立起参与城市灾害应急管理能力的评价指标体系,可为今后城市灾害管理和规划提供科学依据.     

中国优秀旅游城市体系分析

利用城市体系研究的相关理论和方法,对中国优秀旅游城市体系的等级规模结构和空间结构进行了研究与分析,旨在借此透视以中国优秀旅游城市为代表的中国旅游城市体系的宏观结构;分析得到的有别于一般城市体系的、针对旅游职能的特殊类型城市体系的研究结果,将有助于我国旅游城市的宏观结构调整,促进我国城市旅游的整体发展.     

我国城市增长模式的实证分析

城市规模和数量增长的规律性研究有助于理解和分析城市化过程,并将城市增长理论与一般的经济增长理论区别开来.采用面板单位根检验方法和协整检验方法对中国城市的收敛性特征和平行增长特征进行了实证检验.研究结果表明,1992-1999年我国城市经济增长存在着收敛特征,而2000-2007年我国城市经济增长不存在收敛特征.从整体上看中国城市增长不存在平行增长特征.而对于处于同样规模、区位和区域政策的城市,确实呈现出了城市内生增长理论所预言的平行增长特征.     

IPO抑价影响因素的信息经济学分析

股票首次公开发行(以下简称IPO)抑价,就是指股票发行价低于上市价的情况.对此现象,国内外学者从许多角度对该现象提出理论解释,其中有很大一部分是从信息经济学的角度进行分析的,包括信息不对称、信号理论、动态博弈分析等理论.本文就相关文献研究予以整理,并对这些理论对于我国市场的适用性进行探讨.     

我国城市规模与经济发展的相关性分析

本文在分析我国经济发展与城市规模的基础上对我国合理的城市规模提出政策建议。随着城市规模的发展,经济增长与城市规模呈现正相关关系,但是当城市规模超过合理程度,就会出现负相关。要发挥城市规模效应对经济发展的作用,最重要的是追本溯源,优化城市结构,分析不同阶段城市规模与经济发展的相关性,制定最优战略,打造最佳规模。     

物流信息化实施模式探讨

通过对我国物流信息化现状的分析,从制造业、物流企业、政府部门机构的角度对物流信息化的实施模式进行探讨。     

Optimal city size,land tenure and the economic theory of clubs

In this paper, a connection is made between urban population size in the presence of increasing returns to scale, and the economic theory of clubs. It is shown that under certain conditions, the optimal size of the population is finite and that collective action are transferable concepts from the theory of clubs. The model is also solved in a closed format, i.e., including rent payments as part of total income, under two redistribution schemes. It is shown that the optimal size of the population is independent of the mode of ownership of the urban residential land, when the transportation cost function is linear.     

关于我国政府电子采购效益评价的思考

政府采购的电子化是提高政府采购效率和效益的有效途径。衡量政府电子采购的绩效更是政府采购管理中重要的课题。本文试图在归纳整理相关效益评估文献的基础上,建构评估政府采购电子化的相关绩效衡量指标。     

Logistics optimization through a social approach for food distribution

The management of supply chains is becoming more important in economic and social environments. Currently, the social sustainability is a factor that must be considered to design governmental strategies and policies. The objective of this research paper was to show, with a case study an approach to optimize distribution and delivery logistics of food in a social assistance program of school breakfast using mathematical models that include transportation distance, optimal locations, and vehicle routing through different clusters. By using qualitative variables like poverty levels, food insecurity and social exclusion, different clustering methods are proposed with the purpose of identifying the common characteristics in the studied population; and at the same time, reducing the distribution complexity. The results show an efficient approach to design a supply chain that includes economic and social factors. The new model developed in this paper can be used to plan social assistance governmental programs, to identify the specific needs and characteristics of the beneficiaries, minimizing the total cost of the distribution network logistics when delivering food for school meals.     

Do optimal scale and efficiency matter in Taiwan's higher education reform? A stochastic cost frontier approach

A number of universities in Taiwan are currently confronting problems of low enrolment rates and financial distress mainly as a result of low birth rates and over-expansion of the higher education industry over the last few decades. These universities were requested by the Taiwan Ministry of Education to find a solution, including shutting down problematic departments and merging with other institutions. As such, information on cost efficiency and the optimal size of universities is important for making appropriate decisions. A stochastic cost frontier approach is adopted in the study to measure the cost efficiency and identify optimal size of Taiwanese universities by considering the heterogeneity of university quality. The results of the study indicate a positive correlation between the optimal size and the university quality. Approximately 47 percent of the selected universities are identified as either over- or under-sized. Moreover, the magnitude of cost saving from efficiency improvement is found to be no smaller than that of size adjustment. Therefore, it is suggested that universities should put more effort into efficiency improvement while considering size adjustment.     

江苏沿海生态型小城镇建设平台之构建

江苏在沿海生态型小城镇建设过程中存在着一些突出问题.为解决这些问题,提出了沿海生态型小城镇建设的若干原则及相应的解决对策,构建出沿海生态型小城镇的建设平台.     

苏南小城镇环境景观的再创造

文章以苏南地区小城镇的规划实践为基础,对苏南城镇环境景观的历史变迁作了系统的概括,提出城镇景观建设应与其发展目标相一致,并阐述了苏南小城镇景观特色的内涵与要点,对城镇重点景观的塑造作了具体分析研究。     

Measuring well-being in Colombian departments. The role of geography and demography

This paper provides a composite indicator of well-being for the 33 Colombian departments in the year 2016. The indicator is built by adapting the well-known OECD Better Life Index to the regional level, and includes the dimensions of income, health, education, safety, housing, environment, labour market, and civic engagement and governance. As to the methodology, Data Envelopment Analysis and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making techniques are employed, an approach which enables a comparison of well-being across departments and the construction of rankings. The results yield several take-away messages. First, there are substantial disparities in well-being across Colombian departments. Second, despite the fact that average well-being in Colombia is relatively low, the population is concentrated in the departments with the highest well-being levels. Third, geography matters, as neighbouring departments have similar well-being levels, giving rise to a core-periphery duality. Fourth, well-being generally improves and disparities decline when purely economic dimensions (income and labour market) are excluded from the composite indicator.     

Industrial policy,social capital,human capital,and firm-level competitive advantage

Despite the popularity of governmental action devised to foster firm performance, the link between industrial policy and firm-specific human capital and social capital has received scant attention in the strategic management literature. In this paper, we build a dynamic optimization model which bridges concepts from industrial policy, social capital, human capital, and firm-level competitive advantage. We derive theoretical and policy implications from our competitiveness model, concluding that it increases in the opportunity cost of social capital reduce the production of human capital, so the optimal opportunity cost of social capital under feasible industrial policy should be set equal to zero. A government’s optimal industrial policy to help accumulate and churn human capital should reduce the opportunity cost of social capital to zero and reduce the probability of human capital leaving the community to zero. Thus, the model not only expands the potential determinants of competitive advantage in the context of governmental intervention, but also broadens the human capital theory and social capital theory in the creation of firm-specific human capital.

     

政府信用建设的基本架构与设想

“通过制定、发布和实施标准，达到统一”是标准化的实质，“获得最佳秩序和社会效益”则是标准化的目的。制定行业标准是为了规范行业内企业行为。并方便社会公众对业内行为规范的识别和监督。