审计风险评估方法及运用

财政部颁布的《中国注册会计师执业准则》（以下简称新准则）体现了风险导向审计的新要求。新准则要求注册会计师在执业过程中必须了解被审计单位及环境，并评估重大错报风险。本文介绍几种常用审计风险评估方法。     

审计风险评估方法及运用

财政部颁布的《中国注册会计师执业准则》(以下简称新准则)体现了风险导向审计的新要求。新准则要求注册会计师在执业过程中必须了解被审计单位及环境,并评估重大错报风险。本文介绍几种常用审计风险评估方法。     

审计底稿编制中应注意的问题

为了规范会计师事务所注册会计师及助理人员（以下称业务人员）执行审计业务，明确工作要求，保证执业质量，根据中国注册会计师审计准则及其指南、中注协财务报表审计工作底稿编制指南及本所业务质量控制规范，本文只是对执行业务中需要注意的相关部分进行进一步细化或强调。     

新审计准则风险导向审计下企业并购审计风险浅析

2006年2月15日，中国注册会计师执业准则正式发布，并已于2007年1月1日起全面施行。中国注册会计师执业准则体系的发布，标志着我国以风险导向审计为基础并顺应国际趋同大势的中国审计准则体系的确立。新审计准则是柄“双刃剑”，在为审计人员提供指导的同时，又强化了执业责任，将对审计工作产生全面、深刻的影响。新审计准则较之旧的准则体系最重要的变化，就是审计理念从传统的账项基础审计、制度基础审计转变到风险导向审计。本文就风险导向审计下企业并购的审计风险做出了分析，就其中可能存在的风险及进行了自己的阐述。     

新审计准则风险导向审计下企业并购审计风险浅析

2006年2月15日,中国注册会计师执业准则正式发布,并已于2007年1月1日起全面施行.中国注册会计师执业准则体系的发布,标志着我国以风险导向审计为基础并顺应国际趋同大势的中国审计准则体系的确立.新审计准则是柄"双刃剑",在为审计人员提供指导的同时,又强化了执业责任,将对审计工作产生全面、深刻的影响.新审计准则较之旧的准则体系最重要的变化,就是审计理念从传统的账项基础审计、制度基础审计转变到风险导向审计.本文就风险导向审计下企业并购的审计风险做出了分析,就其中可能存在的风险及进行了自己的阐述.     

会计师事务所质量控制研究——基于新旧质量控制准则变动的思考

质量控制既是会计师事务所生存和发展的基本条件,又是注册会计师职业赢得社会信任的重要保障,而质量控制准则则是促使注册会计师遵守各类业务准则,保证执业质量,履行职业责任的重要规范。新业务质量准则的发布,对于会计师事务所提出了新的要求。从新旧业务质量准则的比较出发,提出在现行审计准则下,如何更有效的保证会计师事务所的质量这一生命之线。     

对注册会计师法律责任及其规避的认识

正确区分审计责任和会计责任 ,是注册会计师规避法律责任的前提 :注册会计师如果不按照独立审计准则的要求执行业务 ,那他就必须承担法律责任 ;不断地提高注册会计师的职业素质和专业能力 ,强化注册会计师的责任意识 ,严格规避注册会计师的法律责任 ,是保证其职业道德和执业质量的前提。     

浅谈中国审计准则的修订

近年来,在财政部指导下,中国注册会计师协会一直致力于审计准则的建设工作,陆续制定实施了一系列审计准则,这对于提升注册会计师的执业质量,促进注册会计师行业的专业化发展,以及服务于市场经济建设,都起到了积极作用。本文主要介绍了中国审计准则建设的情况,以及审计风险准则问题。     

注册会计师审计风险及其防范探析

全社会关注着注册会计师执业的行为,尤其是证券市场近几年案件频发,日益突显注册会计师审计的风险。论文通过客观环境和主观因素两方面分析,论述了审计风险的成因,从而从改善注册会计师执业环境和规范注册会计师职业行为方面粗略探讨预防注册会计师审计风险的途径。     

注册会计师审计风险防范研究

近年来,注册会计师的审计风险不断增加,2006年新审计准则的颁布为注册会计师审计风险赋予新的内涵.本文分析了注册会计师审计风险的发展以及对新独立审计准则的认识,从内部和外部两方面深入分析了注册会计师审计风险产生的原因,针对原因从提高注册会计师的综合素质、加强事务所内部治理机制建设、采用可靠有效的审计技术方法等方面提出了注册会计师审计风险的防范措施.     

Personal values of accountants and accounting trainees in Cyprus

Accountants are neither devoid of ethical dilemmas nor are they immune from financial scandals. In order to improve the credibility of the profession, it is important to study the personal values that qualified and trainee accountants consider important. Using Maccoby's instrument, which measures ‘head’ and ‘heart’ values, qualified accountants (chartered and certified) and trainee accountants were surveyed for the first time in a European Union member country (Cyprus) to ascertain their character ethical traits/personal values. Accountants were found to value ‘head’ more than ‘heart’ traits and there were no gender differences. For male respondents, age and years of professional experience were significant correlates of the importance attributed to head traits, while having religious beliefs was associated with valuing heart traits more. Finally, the implications for accounting education and the professional bodies are considered.     

A Cross-Country Comparison of the Codes of Professional Conduct of Certified/Chartered Accountants

This research examines the extent to which similarities and differences exist in the codes of professional conduct of certified (chartered) accountants across the following countries: the United States, Taiwan, South Korea, Malaysia, Ontario (Canada), Australia, India, and Hong Kong. These eight countries exemplify some of the diversity in economic, political, legal, and cultural environments in which public accountants practice. The professional codes of ethics establish the ethical boundary parameters within which professional accountants must operate and they are a function of these environments.The results of the study reveal that commonalities exist on some ethical rules indicating that some rules are indeed "culture free". Cross-country variations, however, exist as to the specificity and elaborateness of the rules. Such variations can be attributed to cultural and legal differences, as well as the length of time each professional organization has been in existence. An understanding of the similarities and differences in the codes is important to individuals who may work in these countries. Professional accountants involved in international business must understand the implications of the decisions they make in light of the ethical codes and moral values of their counterparts in foreign countries. After a discussion of the similarities and differences in the codes, the implications of these comparisons for accounting practice are discussed.     

英国公认特许会计师(ACCA)成建制班的双语教学实践和思考

如今,与ACCA合作开设ACCA成建制班,已成为很多高校财经类教学改革的一大特色.然而,最近几年那些陆续与ACCA建立合作关系的高校所存在的问题也是有目共睹的.笔者分析并结合所在学校ACCA财务管理基础等课程的具体教学实践,提出了ACCA成建制班教学中存在的问题及改进教学的思路.     

对会计师事务所人力资本本位的探讨

当前会计师事务所的资金资本本位决定了出资多少与分得利润大小关系密切,使股东(合伙人)与注册会计师之间不能很好的同心同德,会计师事务所做不大,审计业务质量从根本上得不到提高,以人力资本为本位,则可更好地解决这些问题。     

融资租赁下承租人应如何进行会计处理

《企业会计准则——租赁》于2001年1月18日正式发布,并于2001年1月1日起在我国所有企业履行。这一准则的实施进一步规范了承租人和出租人融资租入和经营租赁的会计核算和相关信息的披露。为使会计人员能更好地应用《租赁会计准则》,对承租人的融资租赁业务的会计处理方法及时规范。     

Marketing Accounting Services in the U.S. and Norway

Abstract

This study compares the general perceptions of marketing and the marketing experiences and training by accountants in the United States and Norway. The results of this study indicate there are differences in perceptions of marketing held by accountants in the U.S. and Norway and in their marketing practices. Accountants in the U.S. held stronger opinions on the importance of marketing accounting services, whereas accountants in Norway believed more strongly that reputation for quality work was more important than marketing. Over two-thirds of Norway accountants reported they did not use marketing concepts in their practice while over half of U.S. accountants indicated they did. A majority of Norway accountants indicated they did not need marketing because their clients come to them when they need their services. These findings demonstrate the importance of being cognizant of the differences in marketing professional services as accountants expand their understanding of global business and accounting practices.     

‘An Examination of the Ethical Commitment of Professional Accountants to Auditor Independence’

This research explores the relationship between work context and professional ethics. Specifically, we analyze through an online survey of professional accountants the degree to which changing work conditions have altered individual accountants’ commitment to the core professional value of auditor independence. We argue that certain changes in the condition of work have made some categories of accountants more susceptible to the logic of commercialism rather than the logic of professionalism. We find general support for this argument. We observe that accountants working outside of public accounting have a higher commitment to independence than do accountants working in the context of public accounting firms. We further observe that accountants in large international accounting firms (i.e. the “Big Four”) report lower commitment to auditor independence than do others in public accounting. And we observe that older accountants report stronger commitment to auditor independence. One finding, however, contradicts our general thesis. We find that commitment to one’s client does not necessarily result in a loss of commitment to the core professional value of independence. We conclude that changes in the context of work have contributed to the demise of ethics among professional accountants and suggest that further research be done to elaborate the relationship between client commitment and independence commitment.     

The Marketing of Professional Services

The recognition by professional services firms of the need to become marketing-orientated and apply marketing techniques is of recent origin. Yet their need to identify, anticipate and satisfy client requirements profitably, rather than passively wait for clients to request their services, is overwhelming. The professional services provided by such specialists as accountants, advertising agents, banks, computer consultancies, consulting engineers, and management consultants are highly people intensive. Consequently, there is more room for individual discretion, eccentricity, delay and error. This article argues that professional services companies can systematically plan the marketing of their services so that they can provide value satisfactions that will create and keep their clients and produce profits.     

A Circle of Influence: Are All the Stakeholders Included?

Traditionally, certified public accountants (CPAs) have served a unique role in the world of commerce and the profession of accounting. They perform an attest function and thereby serve as the chief providers of relevant, high quality accounting information to the decision making public. CPAs are licensed practitioners, who as expert independent accountants express opinions about an entity'sfinancial statements. Their license provides them with the exclusive right to perform this attest function. This monoploy relies on the concept of independence that is the normative standard of accountancy. It is this perceived independence of auditors which provides credibility, reliability and trust in the financial accounting information upon which stakeholders depend to make informed decisions. Now, however, we see the environment in which CPAs operate undergoing rapid change. Both the globalization of business operations and technological advances have radically changed how and where accountants work and the speed at which things happen. The very nature of accounting information services is evolving; moving from a concentration on audits to an increasing reliance on consulting and assurance services. New ethical issues have been raised by this confluence of changes in the accounting environment. Noteworthy is that the application of the principle of independence by CPAs has been called into question by no other than the SEC. Are those stakeholders who depend upon the independence of CPAs at risk? The influence of insiders has significantly increased as accounting firms perform multiple tasks for the same clients. This paper discusses the different groups who can potentially impair the independence of auditors and the steps that are being taken to enhance the "independence" of the auditors.     

Social Paradigms and Attitudes Toward Environmental Accountability

This paper argues that commitment to the Dominant Social Paradigm (DSP) in Western societies, which includes support for such ideologies as free enterprise, private property rights, economic individualism, and unlimited economic growth, poses a threat to progress in imposing greater standards of corporate environmental accountability. It is hypothesized that commitment to the DSP will be negatively correlated with support for the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) and support for corporate environmental accountability, and that belief in the NEP will be positively correlated with support for corporate environmental accountability. The findings, based on a survey of MBA students, are generally consistent with the hypotheses. William E. Shafer is an associate professor in the Department of Accountancy at Lingnan University in Hong Kong. His primary research interests are professionalism and ethics in accounting and corporate social and environmental accountability. His publications have appeared in a variety of academic and professional journals, including Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory; Accounting Horizons; Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal; Business Ethics Quarterly; Journal of Business Ethics; Journal of Accountancy; and The CPA Journal.