双循环太阳能采暖装置对节能减排的意义

我国大部分地区都需要供暖,供暖能耗是冬季建筑能耗的主要组成部分。太阳能属于低位可再生能源,具有清洁、环保、可再生等优点。如果能充分利用太阳能作为采暖系统的辅助热源,在冬季进行采暖,既可以减少化石能源的消耗,又可提高太阳能在建筑供暖能源中的利用率,同时,也减少了因化石能源消耗造成的污染排放,节约了高品位能源消耗,大幅降低了运行成本。     

建筑集中供热采暖节能设计分析

在促进社会发展的过程中,能源是重要的物质基础。一些能源作为一种不可再生的资源,有着十分重要的意义。目前,世界范围能出现的能源危机使得各国都必须要注重对能源的节约和高效利用。城市建筑集中供热采暖对能源的消耗比较大,如何才能够通过比较有效的节能措施,提升集中供暖的效率,减少对于能源的依赖,确保对居民的供暖效果已经成为了目前研究的热点话题。     

深入探究供暖方式响应节能减排

<正>河北省廊坊市地处华北地区,冬季天气寒冷,供暖成为市民共同关注的问题,供暖消耗的能源和废气的排放也是影响环境问题的重要原因之一。针对这一现状,为了让更多的人清楚当前的供暖方式、了解先进供暖技术的同时,了解供暖与环境的重要关系,强化人们的节能减排意识,更好地践行节能减排理     

如何加强供暖运行中对能源的节约管理

社会的发展使供暖行业迅速称为了一个新兴的产业,在当前社会的发展中,供暖工作越来越受到人们的重视,为了提升并加强在供暖运行中对能源的节约管理能力,提高锅炉的使用效率,降低资源的浪费效率,达到节约能源的目的,通常在供暖的过程中会采用一些列的配套措施,提升节约管理的能力,进而达到预期的目的。     

住宅采暖方式的探讨

目前，住宅建筑设备正处在发生较大发展的时期，其中变化最大的是供暖。首先，由于能源结构变化引起供暖热源的多元化；其次，传统供暖方式的缺陷日益突出，新的供暖方式不断涌现，又形成供暖方式的多元化。这就使住宅的开发建设单位、设计单位及住宅的购买，都面临着较多选择又难以选择的处境。下面，我们对各种采暖方式作如下分析。     

供暖锅炉检修维护步骤及方法探讨

随着我国城市化进程的加快,人们对于供暖质量的要求越来越高。锅炉是供热系统的核心,作为重要的能源转换设备,它是供热系统正常运行的基础,所以如何确保锅炉安全、高效、节能地运行,是供暖中的关键问题。文章主要介绍了供暖锅炉检修维护过程中的具体步骤和方法,对常见故障的处理方法进行了初步探讨。     

论建筑供暖方式的市场化趋势

在社会经济高度发展的今天,目前我国人民生活水平的日益提高,人们对建筑室内环境提出越来越高的要求,从而促使本专业不断地向前发展。随着我国人民生活水平不断提高,人们对建筑给水排水及消防工程越来越重视,现就集体供暖中存在的问题,住宅区内管道燃气的优越性,市场经济体制对建筑供暖的影响,城市能源洁净化将成为供暖潮流这四个方面来探讨建筑供暖方式的市场化趋势。     

浅谈建筑供暖节能设计

能源节约,持续利用是当今社会经济发展需要解决的重要课题,本文立足实际,主要阐述了建筑节能供暖的重要性。     

我国居民供暖现状及其改进方法

在能源消费中,我国很大一部分能源用于供暖,且呈现出逐年增长的态势。传统的单管串联管系和目前的非节能型房屋结构造成了能源浪费严重。目前,国内已经出现了许多改进措施,取得了一些阶段性的成就,但其中也存在着一些不足。     

空调系统的能源利用——太阳能制冷

太阳能是一种清洁能源。太阳能供暖很多人都了解,但对于太阳能制冷知识就相对贫乏,现就这一问题进行探讨。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.