征收拆迁闯“难关”须强化党的领导——参观“古田会议”旧址后有感于棚户区改造工作

几年来,笔者奔波于全国一些"城中村改造"、"旧厂房改造"以及"棚户区改造"的项目现场,为地方政府的征收拆迁工作提供法律支持的同时,虽也收获了自我提升、经验积累和许多项目疑难问题的破解,却总感觉想做的、能做的还没到位,不断生成的症结无法打开,有些地方征收拆迁出现了"困局"、"难关",各地棚户区改造工作中还缺少称之为"灵魂"的内容。     

基于Supermap和Google earth的城中村改造面积估算——以广州市海珠区为例

城中村多存在于经济发达的城市,广州是珠三角地区的发达城市之一,在广州市区内,共存在138个城中村。城中村的存在为广州市内广大的外来工作人员提供了价格低廉的住房。可是,近10年来,城中村的问题日益凸显,促使广州市政府对城中村进行大规模的整治和改造。对广州城中村的面积进行估算,能够得到广州城中村的面积、区位等数据。本文对广州城中村的面积估算方法进行探讨,并使用Supermap Deskpro软件和Google earth软件对广州市海珠区的城中村面积进行估算,从而了解广州城中村的规模、分布区位及其分布特征,为城中村的改造和整治提供基础数据。     

聚焦太原城中村改造

正今年将完成13个城中村的整村拆除,让城中村居民享受到城市化发展带来的成果2011年,城中村改造启动拆迁24个村;2012年,启动23个城中村整村拆除:2013年,完成11个城中村整村拆除;2014年,将完成对龙堡、东社、西寨、木厂头等13个城中村的整村拆除。近年来,太原市加大力度推进城中村改造,让城中村居民享受到城市化发展带来的成果。     

关于城中村改造的思考

随着现代城市的快速发展,城中村已经成为城市规划与地方建设中的一个热门话题。随着经济的发展和城市自身的发展完善,城中村存在的负面影响也越来越明显,对城中村进行改造势在必行。文章主要分析了城中村改造的必要性,城中村改造的效益以及改造的对策。     

土地整理参与“城中村”改造问题的研究

“城中村”改造是一个涉及多方利益的博弈过程,土地利用问题是改造工作的难点。将土地整理引入“城中村”改造,是改变“城中村”土地利用现状行之有效的方法。列举了“城中村”土地利用存在的主要问题,分析土地整理带来的综合效益,结合“城中村”土地整理的主体,为“城中村”问题的进一步研究提供参考。     

土地整理参与“城中村”改造问题的研究

"城中村"改造是一个涉及多方利益的博弈过程,土地利用问题是改造工作的难点。将土地整理引入"城中村"改造,是改变"城中村"土地利用现状行之有效的方法。列举了"城中村"土地利用存在的主要问题,分析土地整理带来的综合效益,结合"城中村"土地整理的主体,为"城中村"问题的进一步研究提供参考。     

关于城中村改造的问题

城中村不适应现代城市经济的发展要求。随着城市化进程的加快和区域经济的竞争 ,城中村的改造问题将成为各个城市不得不面对的迫切问题。文章探讨了城中村改造过程中的一些问题 ,同时介绍了一些城市城中村改造的经验 ,提出了加速改造城中村的途径     

基于Supermap和Google earth的城中村改造面积估算——以广州市海珠区为例

城中村多存在于经济发达的城市，广州是珠三角地区的发达城市之一，在广州市区内，共存在138个城中村。城中村的存在为广州市内广大的外来工作人员提供了价格低廉的住房。可是，近10年来，城中村的问题日益凸显，促使广州市政府对城中村进行大规模的整治和改造。对广州城中村的面积进行估算，能够得到广州城中村的面积、区位等数据。本文对广州城中村的面积估算方法进行探讨，并使用Supermap Deskpro软件和Google earth软件对广州市海珠区的城中村面积进行估算，从而了解广州城中村的规模、分布区位及其分布特征，为城中村的改造和整治提供基础数据。     

城中村改造中的"市场失灵"和"政府失灵"及防止途径

城中村是中国快速城市化进程中出现的特有现象。城中村改造问题的本质是利益问题,实质上是与城中村改造相关的利益各方利益调整的过程。由于市场失灵的存在,城中村改造基本都在政府主导下进行,但由于政府的失灵,往往也会产生很多弊端。但大多数学者仍认为政府应该在改造的过程中发挥主导作用,问题是政府应该在城中村改造中发挥怎样的作用,或者说市场的边界又在哪里。本文初步明确了城中村改造中政府干预的重点和市场的边界,阐明了城中村改造的总体思路,最后提出了防止城中村改造失败的对策。     

社会组织参与城中村社区治理的过程与机制研究——以北京皮村“工友之家”为例

城中村是城市化发展过程中不可避免的现象,就业差异与贫富差异必使得部分低收入人群流向城市中的资本与消费低地,城中村的出现是自发的经济选择结果。但由于城中村大多处于脏、乱、差之境地,其公共环境和建筑风格很难兼容于城市的现代化诉求,故无论是政策界还是主流学术界几乎都主张"终结"城中村,试图用"大拆大建"这一物理消灭的手段来去除城中村"毒瘤"。但其客观结果不外乎城中村不断地向外转移,城中村问题并没有真正缓解,反而造成巨大的资源浪费、并恶化了低收入人群的生活和通勤条件。通过对北京城中村的实地考察,认为在新城市化时期,城中村的治理应采用包容性治理理念,在村级治理体系不适应于治理人口之际,适当引入社会组织,可用政府购买服务的形式,完善城中村的社区治理体系,提高城中村的公共服务水平,以期做到现代化与城中村的适度平衡,创建"共享型"城市。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.