农地“三权分置”改革对农业内生发展的影响机制及实证检验

农地"三权分置"改革通过影响农业资本、技术、劳动力等生产投入要素进而影响农业内生发展。本文利用调研数据对其实证检验的结果表明,代表农地"三权分置"改革的土地确权和土地转入显著提高了农户的农业投资及贷款意愿,提升了其农业科技使用意愿,并增强了其农业人力资本提升意愿;而代表"三权分置"改革的土地转出对三者的影响均为负。由此表明,农地"三权分置"改革对农业资本、技术和劳动力的内生增长有显著促进作用,进而推动农业内生发展。建议深化"三权分置"改革,推进确权成果应用,完善土地流转机制,借助大数据建立网络化土地流转平台,以土地为杠杆撬动农业其他生产要素投入。     

浅谈RS与GIS在土地规划和利用中的应用

随着农业结构的调整、城市化进程的加快和第三产业的快速发展,传统农业用地的结构有了很大的变化。土地类型的转化和土地的各种数据的更新速度之快,技术要求之高,对土地利用现状动态监测的科技含量提出了更新更高的要求,遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术在土地规划和利用中也有了越来越广泛的用途。     

农户农地流转意愿影响因素的探讨——基于成都市实地调查及主成分改进Logistic回归分析

分析表明,影响农地流转意愿最大的三个因子依次为:非农工作所在地,非农工作人数比例以及农业人均年经营收入。结合成都统筹城乡改革的经验,本文建议采用规划民营工业园区、提高农业经营收入等方式,来促进农地的流转和整合,提高农民可支配收入,实现资源和收入的有效配置。     

杨凌土地银行对现代农业发展的实践作用

本文描述了杨凌土地银行的产生背景及组建思路、运作方式和管理机构,分析了土地银行在现代农业发展中对保障农民利益、提高农民收入,吸引现代农业企业、扩大农业产业规模,促进农民职业的分化,调整农业产业结构,政府职能转变等方面的作用。     

新农村建设中土地流转问题探析

在建设社会主义新农村和农业现代化的时代背景下,农村土地流转问题成为农村发展的关键性问题。土地流转能否有序和规范地进行,直接关系着"三农"问题的解决。本文对农村土地流转的现状进行了分析研究,阐述了农村土地流转的必要性,分析了当前土地流转的模式、存在的问题和原因以及障碍因素。在此基础上,总结提出了完善农村土地流转制度的几点建议。     

Institutional versus non-institutional credit to agricultural households in India: Evidence on impact from a national farmers’ survey

A goal of agricultural policy in India has been to reduce farmers’ dependence on informal credit. To that end, recent initiatives are focused explicitly on rural areas and have a positive impact on the flow of agricultural credit. Despite the significance of the above initiatives in enhancing the flow of institutional credit to agriculture, the links between institutional credit and net farm income and consumption expenditures in India are not very well documented. Using large, national farm household level data and IV 2SLS estimation methods, we investigate the role of institutional farm credit on farm income and farm household consumption expenditures. Findings show that, in India, formal credit does indeed play a critical role in increasing both net farm income and per capita monthly household expenditures of Indian farm families. Finally, we find that, in the presence of formal credit, social safety net programs like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) may have unintended consequences. In particular, MGNREGA reduces both net farm income and per capita monthly household consumption expenditures. On the other hand, in the presence of formal credit, the Public Distribution System may increase both net farm income and per capita monthly household consumption expenditures.     

Land Sales and Rental Markets in Transition: Evidence from Rural Vietnam*

Impact and desirability of land transfers in post‐socialist‐transition economies have been subject of considerable debate. We use data from Vietnam to identify factors conducive to the development of land markets and to assess potentially differential impacts of rental and sales. Results show that both rental and sales transfer land to more productive producers but that rental is more important for the poor to access land that becomes available as the non‐farm economy develops. The fact that secure land rights significantly increase supply of land to the rental market suggests that government has a key role in facilitating emergence and functioning of efficiency‐enhancing land markets.     

耕种规模与农机具的使用状况探析

本文主要研究了各地的耕地类型与农机具的使用情况,中国与其他国家的农业机械化水平状况,各地区农机具的使用差异,以及农机具的使用对农业产值的作用。认为农业的机械化、现代化发展对其他产业发展具有带动效应,由于耕地类型与耕种规模的差异较大,农业机械化与农机具的使用要因地制宜,不能一概而论。     

和谐农村建设中土地的合理利用与农业产业价值链的构建——基于北京市昌平区南庄村发展现代农业的实证研究

建设和谐农村,必须发展现代农业。现在发展现代农业的一大障碍就是农村土地的利用不合理。所以合理利用土地与构建农业产业价值链,是发展农村经济的必由之路。在实证研究的基础上,分析农村地区利用土地的不合理之处,并提出促进现代农业产业价值链构建的对策建议。     

水库中沉积物与降雨和碳积累的关系及其对农田土地的影响

文章探究广西水库的沉积物中碳的积累及其与开发种植历史、降雨状态的关系。水库沉积物是由沉积在主要入口附近的粗糙沉积物与深水环境中积累的沉积物组成。对沉积物进行总碳和有机碳分析发现,浅水区的总碳变化比深水区明显,说明沉积物的积累与降雨呈线性关系。沉积物的清理被回用于周边的农田土地及新耕地的开垦,但沉积物的利用对农田土地存在的利弊影响有待进一步研究。     

The adoption,diffusion, and evolution of organizational form: insights from the agrifood sector

The adoption and diffusion of contract farming and vertical integration in modern agriculture has varied widely across regions, commodities, or farm types. This paper lays out a framework for understanding the evolution of organizational practices in U.S. agriculture by drawing on theories of the diffusion of technology and organizational complementarities. Using recent trends as stylized facts, with case studies from various agricultural industries, we argue that research identifying complementarities within specific sectors of the agrifood system will greatly improve our understanding of the organizational structure of agricultural production, and we identify several specific lines of inquiry. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Land Taxes in Agriculture

A bstract Farmland , which occupies two thirds of America's privately owned territory, provides more than food and fiber. Agricultural uses of land preserve open space, filter and store water, supfwrt wildlife, conserve rural resources, enlarge life style opportunities for an urban society. One instrument for preserving agricultural land from urban developmental pressures is the preferential assessment for real property tax, essentially a two rate tax favoring farming as a land use. Preferential assessment, administered typically at small, nonrollback differentials, has not deterred intensive land use changes. Indeed, it may have had the opposite effect. Changes in the tax on land and buildings are recommended as improvements in the preferential assessment of agricultural land.     

我国农业调查范围统计及网点问题研究

就当前情况而言,我国越来越依赖于农业统计调查数据信息,这种情况的产生和决策领导高度关注农业问题密不可分,同时还跟中国坚持可持续发展和检验相关政策措施息息相关。我们具体阐述了中国农业开发统计调查范围,并且对怎样依据统计调查收集与农业数据有关的信息进行描述,其中涵盖统计调查机构的演变过程与农业统计调查领域所产生的相关问题研究。以此来说明农业统计调查数据对领导阶层决策的重要性,还对中国统计和抽样调查实施了细致分工。     

新型农业经营主体培育的体制机制创新研究

农村基本经营制度的新型农业经营主体是以家庭承包为基础的,发展为现在以家庭农场,土地股份合作、联合社、资金互助合作、加工合作社等多种形式,这种经营主体对农村经济发展起到很大的促进作用,但其发展的体制机制发展还存在很多障碍,如规模小、效益差、土地流转问题和农业企业融资问题等,根据这些障碍,提出新型农业经营主体培育的体制机制创新原则,最后提出相应的政策建议。     

Land and Labor Patterns in Brazil During the 1960s

Abstract . Most of the agricultural sector in Brazil during the 1960s bore the autocratic imprint of latifundismo, which determined interpersonal relationships and those between man and land. Latifundios and agriculture in general were not labor-absorptive, and farm size tended to vary inversely with the amount of intensively tilled land. Polyvalency of employment acted in concert with farm management practices to strengthen latifundismo and to impede realization of socio-economic potentials for most rural inhabitants. Probable high frequency of multiple farm ownership by the landed élite verified that the areal extension of latifundismo had encountered no effective resistance. Elements of modernization on large estates seemed to betoken changes in technology and financing rather than alteration of traditional contexts. As an instrument for agrarian reform, the Estatuto da Terra (1964) was impotent, and beneficiaries of land were all but non-existent under the military regime.     

我国农副产品物流问题探讨

众所周知，农业对保证经济社会发展、改善人民生活、保持社会稳定，都具有十分重要的基础性作用。特别是对于我国这样一个农业大国，农业始终摆在国民经济的基础地位，解决好了农业问题，不仅对我国经济发展和社会稳定至关重要，而且时本地区乃至世界经济发展也有重大意义。而农副产品的物流问题是农副产品中的一个重要问题，主要有产品质量和产业化问题。配送和销售渠道问题，储存和加工问题等。本文就农副产品物流的特点、现状以及具体实施中的问题进行探讨，意在提出解决我国目前农副产品物流存在问题的对策。     

Henry George on Land Ownership: A Comment on Pullen

Did George alienate many by presenting his reform program as the institution of a new form of restricted land possession rather than as the retention of traditional ownership with a substantial land tax imposed? It seems doubtful, yet the distinction merits further exploration and the peculiar and hard‐to‐implement nature of the tax and the difficulty of reconciling it with George's distrust of government needs to be stressed. Ideally, George might have preferred complete government ownership of land but his policy proposals were pragmatically adapted to the realities of his own society. The extent of the egalitarianism and aid to the landless implied in his program is questioned.     

Joshua K. Ingalls, American Individualist: Land Reformer, Opponent of Henry George and Advocate of Land Leasing, Now an Established Mode

A bstract . Joshua K. Ingalls was a member of a particularly cohesive group of 19th century intellectual iconoclasts in America, the individualists. Two controversies made him widely known at the time: the land reform vs. abolition argument before the Civil War, and his attacks on Henry George in the 1880s over the issue of land reform through tax reform or land reform through land leasing under an occupancy and use system of tenure. Ingalls held George failed to understand the "true" nature of capitalism; rent goes to the landlord as capitalist as reward for his investment; the landowning capitalist appropriates this by his dominion over the land. Though Ingalls' argument did not prevail, land leasing, which he advocated, is the form in which some resources are now disposed of, as in grazing rights and mineral exploration on public land, and in oil exploration rights on the continental shelves; and in the disposition of urban sites such as the site of Rockefeller Center and the Chrysler Building in New York (the former to the benefit of Columbia University, the latter Cooper Union, both by legislative action).     

Herbert Davenport on the Single Tax: A Second Look

A bstract . Despite a recent claim to the contrary, Herbert J. Davenport was firmly against the Henry George proposal to try to raise all public funds from a tax on land. This is evidenced by two papers he wrote on the subject. Davenport argued that the single tax on land would prompt the inefficient use of substitutes for land, that it would tend to destroy the base upon which the tax was levied, and that it would offend our sense of justice, or the equal treatment principle. The most important and effective of his arguments appears to be the first. It was, more specifically, that in the event of a land tax, individuals would economize on land. They would farm more intensively, they would construct higher buildings, and they would exploit potential underground living space. This paper describes Davenport's arguments and shows why they have been misinterpreted in the past as supporting Henry George's tax theory.     

集体土地征收与农民利益补偿平衡研究

我国正处于工业化发展的攻坚期,也就是通过以限制农业资源的利用来推进工业发展的阶段。而工业化所需要的资本主要是通过对大量的农村土地资源的征收利用为基础的。农村土地大多数集体所有制的,因而集体土地征收就具有了支持工业化发展和限制农民利益获取的双重效应。而在科学发展观和构建和谐社会的宏观目标指引下,统筹城乡经济、全面协调可持续的振兴农村经济、以农民根本利益为本,成为当前三农问题的关键突破口。本文就在这个背景下探讨集体土地征收与农民利益补偿的平稳问题。