大学英语教学中有关英语和母语结合使用的几点思考

大学英语教学中母语和英语的使用是一个很值得探讨的实际问题。本文通过分析直接法、交际法和外语习得法理论对外语教学的影响,探讨了母语与思维关系和外语与思维关系的共同点和不同点;对借助母语进行第二语言习得的方法以及如何在大学外语教学中使用英语语言提出了几点思考。     

简析外语教学中文化意识对母语负迁移的影响

人们在二语习得中都将面对母语迁移的问题。母语知识对目标语习得的影响有起积极作用的正迁移,也存在起阻碍作用的负迁移。在外语教学过程中,把文化习俗、意识形态、思维方法和生活习惯与语言习得机制有效结合起来,可帮助学生利用已有知识,逐步减少母语的负向迁移。     

跨文化交际与大学外语教学

在大学外语教学中应注重双向文化知识的导入与传授,注重培养语言学习者双向交流的能力,培育和发展学生的跨文化交际敏感性,从而使语言习得符合其规律并充分发挥语言教学的有效性,为顺利实现外语教学的最终目标——跨文化交际提供良好的保障。     

学习者学习风格差异与大学英语教学策略研究

学习风格差异是影响外语教学活动的一个重要因素。本文着重从心理学、心理语言学和第二语言习得理论的角度阐述了不同的学习风格以及在学习中的不同表现形式。文章认为,在外语教学活动中,教师应该意识到学生学习方式上的差异,因势利导,选用适合学习者学习方式的教学方法,做到因材施教,促进学生的学习。     

母语习得对外语教学的启示

本文回顾了母语习得的主要理论,进行了分析,从而对外语教学有所启发,注重学习环境的改善,鼓励学生运用自己的语言天赋,控制输入信息的质和量注重交际能力培养。     

中介语理论研究与第二语言教学

中介语理论是第二语言习得研究领域中的一个认知理论.分析和研究中介语产生的根源和特点有助于了解第二语言习得机制,揭示第二语言习得的发展过程和规律.对提高教学效果有重大意义.     

CBI教学法在专业英语教学中的应用

基于内容的语言教学法在国外被认为是最有效的外语教学方法,它是通过语言的使用来习得语言,而不是单纯地学习语言,适合在我国专业英语教学中运用。在这种教学方法的诸多教学模式中可主要选择内容操练模式、主题模式和辅助模式。     

语言迁移对外语教学中二语习得的影响与启示

在语言学习中,语言迁移现象对于外语学习的影响十分广泛。本文以语言迁移理论为依据,从正负迁移现象入手,探讨在二语习得中如何掌握迁移规律的运用,并提出如何运用语言迁移现象来提高外语教学的质量。     

网络环境与英语词汇习得策略研究

词汇习得是外语习得的最基本手段之一,同时也是语言运用的先决条件.词汇习得方式会直接影响词汇习得效果.网络环境不仅拓宽了词汇输入、输出途径,而且能够进一步调动学习者词汇学习的主动性,保证词汇习得质量,提高英语语言能力.     

如何看待母语对外语教学的影响

母语在外语教学中的角色问题一直是外语教学领域争论的焦点.在外语教学法的改革中,许多不断推陈出新的教学法都把母语排除在外语教学课堂之外.这种现象在一定程度上强化了母语对外语教学的负面作用.实际上,母语不仅会对外语教学起到促进作用,而且是外语教学不可或缺的教学工具,在外语教学中应充分发挥其积极作用,以取得最优的教学效果.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…