税收、财政支出与内生经济增长

构建了基于财政支出、税收的内生经济增长模型,并推导出在给定税收、财政支出政策的变化路径时,经济会达到"竞争性分散均衡",税率与经济增长存在"倒-U"型关系,政府投资性支出与经济增长之间正相关。利用中国省际面板数据进行实证检验显示,在我国经济运行中,总产出、消费、投资、政府投资性支出、税率、利息率、工资水平之间存在长期均衡关系。我国宏观税率为28.63%时达到最优值,政府投资性支出对经济增长率存在正向影响,但不同区域间存在较大差异性。     

长期经济增长与中国财政支出结构优化研究

财政支出结构政策与总量政策相比具有更重要的一面,它可以在不改变财政支出规模的情况下,提高经济增长率.本文首先建立了一个简单的经济增长与财政支出结构优化理论模型,然后对我国改革开放以来经济增长与财政支出结构的关系进行了实证性分析,得出我国的财政投资已超过最优规模,生产性财政消费与非生产性财政消费均能促进经济增长,但对经济增长的贡献缺乏弹性.     

财政支出结构与经济增长

通过构建理论模型和经验模型,我们可以得出以下结论:(1)财政支出总水平与经济增长负相关,财政生产性支出与经济增长正相关。(2)财政人力资本投资比物质资本投资更能提高经济增长率。(3)用于科学研究的支出所带来的经济增长远远高于物质资本投资和人力资本投资所带来的经济增长。这些结论对政府今后调整财政支出政策,优化财政支出结构,确定财政支出重点,具有重要的政策含义。     

关于建设项目经济评价的财务内部收益率中税金计算的探讨

<正>国家计委组织编制并正式发布试行的《建设项目经济评价方法》中,对测算内部收益率的现金流量表中税金计算是这样规定的:即税金只计算销售税金和资源税,不计算所得税和调节税,也不计算能源交通税。理由是固定资产投资借款一般用缴纳所得税前的利润偿还,并且调节税无统一税率。     

关于建设项目经济评价的财务内部收益率(FIRR)中税金计算的探讨

<正> 国家计委组织编制并正式发布试行的《建设项目经济评价方法》中,对测算内部收益率的现金流量表中税金计算是这样规定的:即税金只计算销售税金和资源税,不计算所得税和调节税,也不计算能源交通税。理由是固定资产投资借款一般用缴纳所得税前的利润偿还,并且调节税无统一税率。     

税收负担对企业固定资产投资的影响——基于税种差异视角的研究

本文以2003—2018年中国上市企业数据为样本,从税种差异视角分析了增值税有效税率与企业所得税有效税率变化对企业固定资产投资的影响。研究发现,增值税有效税率与企业固定资产投资的关系依赖于宏观经济环境和企业税负转嫁能力。具体而言,在经济上行期或税负转嫁能力较强的企业中,增值税有效税率降低促进了企业固定资产投资增加。所得税有效税率与企业固定资产投资之间始终为显著负相关关系。所得税有效税率的降低可以通过增强企业内外部融资能力来促进其固定资产投资增加,特别是当企业债务风险相对较低时,所得税有效税率下降对固定资产投资的正向影响效果会随企业融资约束程度的上升而增大。本文分析在一定程度上说明了不同税种的税负变化对企业投资产生差异化影响,进而为减税助力企业投资提供了新的微观经验证据。     

我国要素收入分配结构调整的税收政策研究——基于扩展的卡尔多增长模型

近年来我国要素收入分配结构中劳动报酬持续下降,Kaldor增长模型给出该问题的一个研究思路.通过对Kaldor增长模型进行扩展,构造包括资本、劳动和政府的三部门模型,可以描述我国要素收入分配结构变迁,及政府的税收政策对要素收入分配结构的调整作用.根据扩展的Kaldor模型,在投资率不变的情况下,降低劳动所得税税率,增加资本所得税的税率和降低生产税的税率将有助于提高劳动报酬占GDP的比重,改善要素收入分配结构.     

税制改革与公司投资价值相关性

本文以我国2009年增值税转型为基础,结合2008年公司所得税税制改革,检验了增值税转型过程中公司投资决策的价值相关性变化趋势。研究结果表明,增值税转型对投资价值相关性的影响,存在投资补贴的正面效应和所得税负面效应。实证结果发现,2009年的增值税转型中,公司投资补贴的正面效应大于所得税负面效应,这在整体上增加了公司投资价值相关性;而且所得税税率越低,增值税转型对投资价值相关性的促进作用越大。因此,我国的税制改革在整体上提高了资本市场的资源配置效率。本文的研究结果为深入分析我国当前税制改革的作用,提供了重要的理论依据。     

财政支出及其结构与经济增长率关系研究

利用1997--2004年各省GDP和财政支出占GDP比重等经济指标在样本期内的平均数,实证分析了财政支出占GDP比重及财政支出结构与经济增长率的关系。通过引入交互项,发现财政支出及其构成与经济增长率的关系在东部、中部和西部地区之间存在质和量的差异,并分析了产生相关差异的原因。最后,计算了支出结构的微小调整对经济增长率的影响,进而为政府制定科学的财政支出结构以促进经济增长起到一定的借鉴意义。     

境外所得税减免的对外投资促进效应——基于2008年企业所得税改革的实证检验

税收管辖权制度是影响跨国公司对外投资决策的关键性因素。在中国实施“一带一路”倡议和企业“走出去”战略的背景下，是否有必要将税收管辖权制度从抵免制转变为免税制成为学术界和管理层关注的焦点。本文利用2003—2013年BvD全球上市公司数据，运用双重差分模型实证检验了2008年企业所得税改革导致的境外所得税减免对中国境外子公司对外投资和股利分配的影响。研究结果表明，境外所得税减免显著提升了中国境外子公司在东道国的投资增长率，但对其股利分配率并无显著影响。拓展性分析表明，境外所得税减免提升了中国境外子公司在东道国的税收遵从度。异质性分析发现，境外所得税减免优化了中国对外投资的行业结构及区位选择，对提高制度环境好的国家和发展中国家投资增长率的影响更明显。在扩大高水平对外开放的时代背景下，本文的研究对加快国内制度规则与国际接轨、完善高水平对外开放政策保障机制具有重要启示。     

Public capital,deficit financing,and economic growth in a stochastic economy

This paper examines the relationship among deficit-financing fiscal policy, risk and economic growth in a stochastic endogenous growth model with private and public capital. We show that there are positive balanced-growth rate and a debt-to-GDP ratio that depend on deep parameters such as the income tax rate and the standard deviation of the growth rate of private and public capital. Investment and fiscal shocks influence the mean and variance of the growth rate and the debt dependency rate through portfolio changes and capital accumulation. In particular, an increase in the risk of private investment destabilizes the economy and reduces the mean growth rate if the portfolio change is drastic, and this increase in risk increases the debt-to-GDP ratio. In contrast, an increase in the income tax rate stabilizes the economy, increases the mean growth rate, and has a positive or negative effect on the debt-to-GDP ratio according to the ratio of public to private capital if the income tax rate is sufficiently small.     

Fiscal policies, environmental pollution and economic growth

This paper develops a model of endogenous economic growth with special consideration to the role of productive public expenditure and environmental pollution; and analyses the properties of optimal fiscal policy in the steady state growth equilibrium. We consider the level of consumption as the source of pollution. Government allocates its tax revenue between pollution abatement expenditure and productive public expenditure. Optimum ratio of productive public expenditure to national income is equal to the competitive output share of the public input, when productive public expenditure is depicted as tax revenue minus abatement expenditure. However, the proportional income tax rate exceeds the competitive output share of the public input. There is no conflict between the social welfare maximizing solution and the growth rate maximizing solution in the steady state growth equilibrium. The unique steady state growth equilibrium appears to be a saddle-point when the growth rate is above a critical level and the steady state equilibrium growth rate in the market economy is not necessarily lower than the socially efficient growth rate.     

Growth and inequality in an endogenous fiscal policy model with taxes on labor and capital

I study an economy where individuals have different initial endowments and fiscal policy is decided by majority voting. Public investment is financed by two flat rate taxes, one on labor income and the other one on capital income. The model shows a positive (negative) correlation between growth and the tax rate on labor (capital) income and a negative (positive) correlation between the tax rate on labor (capital) income and inequality. The results reconcile the theory with empirical evidence.     

Income taxes, spending composition and long-run growth

The focus of this paper is threefold. First, it reexamines the impact on long-run growth of changes in flat-rate income taxes when a fraction of total government expenditures is used to provide public services that affect the productivity of privately held inputs. Second, for a given tax policy, this paper studies the impact of government expenditure composition on the rate of economic growth. Third, since demographics follow an overlapping generations structure and fiscal policy affects the economy's productivity, the paper features the role of productivity as a means of redistributing income across generations. The economy is analyzed numerically and policy experiments are carried out.     

A model of the socialist firm in transition to a market economy

This paper models the dynamic adjustment path of a socialist firm in transition to a market economy by a price shock that renders old capital obsolete. The firm can adjust with investment in more productive capital equipments. The optimal time paths of investment, output, and employment are analyzed and the impact of fiscal incentives like investment subsidies and a reduced corporate income tax rate are studied. Like output, the aggregate capital stock follows a J-curve. The conditions for viability of firms and the impact of variables such as wage increases on the value of the firm are discussed.     

制度变迁、地方政府行为与城乡收入差距 ——来自中国省级面板数据的经验证据

本文采用1997-2009年面板数据的变截距及变系数模型,利用控制地区经济开放程度、产业结构变迁、城市化率等因素,对中国30个省市的制度变迁、地方政府支出决策与城乡收入差距之间的关系进行实证分析。结果显示：就全国而言,制度变迁、地方政府对经济活动的干预和地方政府投资性支出均与城乡收入差距呈正相关,而地方政府保障性支出则与城乡收入差距呈负相关;就地区而言,大部分地区在市场化过程中的制度变迁、地方政府投资性支出扩大了城乡收入差距,而半数以上的地区其政府支出规模及其内部保障性支出对城乡收入差距的缩小则有一定促进作用,但不同地区其影响呈现一定的差异性。其政策含义在于,我国在推进市场化进程的同时还要兼顾公平与效率,加强地方政府对收入不平等的调节作用,完善地方财政支出结构特别是社会保障体系,以此来缩小城乡收入差距。     

Public Expenditure,Environment, and Economic Growth

This paper attempts to develop a model of endogenous growth with special consideration to the role of productive public expenditure in the presence of congestion effect of private capital and environmental pollution. We analyze the properties of the optimal fiscal policy in the steady‐state equilibrium when the level of production of the final good is the source of emission. Government allocates its income tax revenue between pollution abatement expenditure and productive public expenditure. In the steady‐state equilibrium, optimum ratio of productive public expenditure to national income is less than the competitive output share of the public input; and this ratio varies inversely with the magnitude of the emission‐output coefficient. The steady‐state equilibrium appears to be a saddle point; and the market economy growth rate is not necessarily less than the socially efficient growth rate in the steady‐state equilibrium.     

Foreign Debt,Foreign Direct Investment and Volatility

We investigate how foreign debt and foreign direct investment (FDI) affect the growth and welfare of a stochastically growing small open economy. First, we find that foreign debt influences the growth of domestic wealth by lowering the cost of capital, while FDI affects the country's welfare by providing an additional source of permanent income. Second, a decline in domestic investment may improve domestic welfare as FDI replaces the gap. Even when the welfare deteriorates, its magnitude is mitigated, leaving more room for discretionary fiscal policy. Third, a fiscal policy aimed to stabilize domestic output fluctuations needs to be conducted not to crowd out the welfare benefit of FDI too much. Fourth, an economy with both types of foreign capital experiences wider welfare swings by external volatility shocks than the one with foreign debt alone, while the welfare effects from domestic volatility shocks are mitigated. The welfare effects of fiscal shocks are much smaller with both types of foreign capital. Lastly, the first-best labor income tax covers the government absorption by the labor's share of total output, and the capital income tax covers the rest. Investment is penalized or subsidized depending on the social marginal cost-gain differential.     

财政支出、税收与经济增长

This paper assesses the effect of fiscal policy on economic growth in an AK model with endogenous labor supply. It is found that the structure of taxation and government expenditure could affect the long-run growth rate through their effect on households’ labor-leisure choice, saving-consuming choice and the proportion of government expenditure to GDP. Barro’s (1990) plausible result that the growth rate and the income tax rate have an inverted-U relationship does not always hold. In addition, based on the panel data of 31 provinces from 1997 to 2007, we investigate the link between components of government productive expenditure and economic growth. It is found that the productive expenditure does not always have a positive effect on the growth rate, and its effect exhibits regional differences. The reason is that there is an excess amount of the government productive expenditure in China or the efficiency of the government productive expenditure may be too low.     

我国财政收支划分的立法研究

财政收支划分是财政管理体制的重要组成部分.在市场经济体制下,财政收支划分立法有利于政府职能的履行和公共财政的运行,是完善分税制财政管理体制的丛然要求.完整的财政收支划分法律制度应当由财政级次划分、财政收支分类、财政支出划分和财政收入划分等制度构成.