终极控股股东与会计稳健性——基于金字塔股权结构视角

运用Basu模型,采用我国上市公司2010—2012年数据,就在金字塔股权结构条件下终极控股股东特征以及金字塔股权结构特征对上市公司会计稳健性的影响进行研究,得出以下结论：终极控股股东的两权分离度与会计稳健性呈现显著的负相关关系;终极控股股东的现金流权与会计稳健性呈现显著的正相关关系;终极控股股东对上市公司的控制权与会计稳健性呈现显著的负相关关系;当终极控股股东为政府类型时,公司的会计稳健性要大于非政府类型的公司;金字塔股权结构的层级与会计稳健性呈现负相关关系。     

控股股东性质与中国上市公司业绩的实证研究

利用我国上市公司截面数据,文章研究了控股股东所有制性质及其变更时上市公司业绩的影响.研究发现,第一,控股股东的国有性质中,国家股对公司业绩有显著负面影响,但国有法人股对公司业绩有不显著的正面影响.因此.所谓"国有资本所有者缺位"主要体现在国家股所有者缺位,而不在于国有法人殷;控股股东的国有性质本身并非导致上市公司业绩不佳的原因,关键是国有资本的投资是由谁来进行的,以及如何对国有资本进行有效监管.第二,控股股东的私有性质对公司业绩有正面影响,但不显著.这可能是私有控股股东隐瞒利润的结果.     

控股股东为何偏爱企业集团——经鸿仪系为例

纵观国内外,凡是存在控股股东攫取利益行为的公司,都与企业集团密不可分.集团形式不仅加强了控股股东对所属上市公司的控制,隐匿了控制人身份,而且,为控股股东实施地下"掏空"行为提供了较好的便利条件.文章以鸿仪系为例,具体分析了控股股东是如何加强上市公司控制和逃避市场监管,从而有效地实施利益攫取行为的.     

多元化与控股股东代理成本——基于中国上市公司的经验证据

本文通过分析2001～2004年中国上市公司的数据,发现上市公司总体多元化与控股股东代理成本显著正相关。民营控制上市公司和地方政府直接控制的上市公司的多元化水平与控股股东代理成本无显著关系。对于中央政府控制和地方政府间接控制的公司,多元化都显著增加了控股股东的代理成本。在拓展性检验中没有发现中央政府间接控制上市公司与地方政府间接控制上市公司,在多元化与控股股东代理成本的关系上存在显著区别,说明无论是中央政府还是地方政府,在集团控制的国有上市公司中,控股股东通过多元化掏空上市公司的现象都同样严重。     

控股股东股权质押对上市公司现金分红影响研究

控股股东股权质押对上市公司战略与决策的影响已受到各界广泛关注.基于控股股东不同动机,利用2015—2020年A股上市公司数据检验股权质押对现金分红的影响,结果发现,控股股东股权质押与上市公司现金分红呈U型关系,表明不同股权质押比例下控股股东现金分红存在动机差异,股权质押比例较低时基于掏空上市公司目的降低现金分红,而当股权质押比例高于临界值时出于控制权保持动机提高现金分红.区分控股股东产权性质检验发现,股权质押与现金分红之间的U型关系在非国有控股上市公司中更显著.     

如何保护小股东利益——科苑集团造假案的启示

“一股独大”是我国上市公司公司治理的主要现状,由于股权集中在控股股东手中,保护小股东利益的法律体系还不完善,控股股东有足够的权力控制上市公司,通过多种利益输送行为来掏空上市公司,攫取控制权收益,侵害小股东利益。本文以上市公司科苑造假案为例,剖析控股股东接力掏空上市公司的多种利益输送行为,包括资金占用、关联交易、违规担保等,指出上市公司控股股东的利益输送行为降低了上市公司的质量,严重损害小股东的利益及妨碍资本市场的健康发展。     

定向增发、资产注入与上市公司控股股东性质

文章对上市公司定向增发资产注入和定向增发项目融资后的成长性变化进行比较分析发现,总体上看在定向增发两年后,定向增发项目融资的上市公司成长性要显著的高于资产注入的上市公司.同时研究也表明,在定向增发后两年,控股股东为国有性质的上市公司定向增发资产注入和项目融资其成长性并没有显著的差别.上市公司定向增发注入资产从控股股东的动机来看,不仅存在控股股东对上市公司“掏空”的可能性,也可能是政府出于国有资产重组的需要而进行的一种行政行为.     

控股股东股权质押、审计师行业专长与财务报告可比性

以2007—2017年我国A股上市公司为研究对象,实证检验控股股东股权质押是否会影响上市公司财务报告可比性。研究发现,控股股东进行了股权质押的上市公司其财务报告可比性更低,且当审计师行业专长较低时这一现象更为显著。进一步分析发现,在股权质押背景下,控股股东在短期内为规避行业监管,维持股价稳定而操纵盈余是其股权质押降低财务报告可比性的内在动机,但这仅是其在股权质押期间的权宜之策。结合两类代理问题,在第一类代理问题较少、第二类代理问题较多时,控股股东股权质押对财务报告可比性的负向作用更为显著。本文结论丰富了控股股东股权质押的经济后果以及财务报告可比性的影响因素研究,为政府及监管层制定相关政策提供了理论参考与经验证据。     

控股股东行为、资产专用性与企业成长性——来自云南白药的案例研究

本文以云南白药为案例,探讨了资产专用性对控股股东行为的影响。研究发现控股股东可以为上市公司提供控股股东专有或者控制的地理位置、品牌资产、购销网络渠道、研发技术、人力资本、物质资源等特殊资产,从而使得这些资产具有资产专用性。由于这种专用资产的投入,使得控股股东与上市公司之间产生了捆绑效应,捆绑效应抑制了使契约关系中断的控股股东的机会主义行为,控股股东与上市公司形成了一种协作局面,这种协作对于上市公司的成长具有重要的影响。然而,受到捆绑效应影响的控股股东行为与企业的成长性之间并非是一种理想的单调函数关系,有时会表现出捆绑效应失灵的特征,由此本文提出了公司治理变量在专用资产对控股股东行为的捆绑效应和企业成长性之间的调节作用。     

控股股东股权质押与企业投资效率

股权质押融资是资本市场常见的融资方式,可以缓解上市公司融资约束问题,进而影响企业投资行为。文章以2007-2018年沪深A股上市公司为样本,研究控股股东股权质押对企业投资效率的影响。研究发现,控股股东股权质押会降低企业投资效率。相较于国有企业,民营企业控股股东股权质押与投资效率的负相关关系更显著;相较于国际"四大"审计的企业,非国际"四大"审计的企业控股股东股权质押与投资效率的负相关关系更显著。文章扩展了控股股东股权质押经济后果的研究范围,丰富了企业投资效率影响因素的研究内容,研究结果对企业、监管层、外部投资者等均有一定借鉴作用。     

The Impact of the Asian Financial Crisis on Conservatism and Timeliness of Earnings: Evidence from Hong Kong,Malaysia, Singapore,and Thailand

This paper examines conservatism and timeliness of earnings in the period surrounding the 1997 Asian financial crisis in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. Prior research suggests that managers tended to be more aggressive in reporting good news and delayed recognition of bad news during the financial crisis (less conservative and less timely in financial reporting). After the crisis, these four countries implemented corporate governance measures to stabilize their financial systems and improve regulation and supervision (that should improve conservatism and timeliness). We examine and find that conservatism and timeliness of earnings during the crisis period are low, but improved in the post‐crisis period. More importantly, conservatism and timeliness in the post‐crisis period is even greater than in the pre‐crisis period. We measure conservatism using Basu's model and the accumulation of non‐operating accruals suggested by Givoly and Hayn. The findings from both measures are consistent with an increase in conservatism after the crisis period. Overall, the results indicate that corporate governance reforms in these four countries had a positive impact on conservatism and timeliness of earnings.     

CEO Retirement,Corporate Governance and Conditional Accounting Conservatism

Based on 16,604 observations between 1994 and 2006, this study revisits the ‘horizon problem’ by examining how CEO retirement affects conditional accounting conservatism. We hypothesize and find that firms become less conservative in their financial reporting before the retirement of their CEOs, and that strong corporate governance mitigates the effect of CEO retirement. The literature concerning the horizon problem has suggested that CEOs manipulate earnings to boost short-term performance before they leave their companies (Dechow, P. M., & Sloan, R. G. (1991). Executive incentives and the horizon problem: An empirical investigation. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 14(1), 51–89; Smith, C. W., & Watts, R. L. (1982). Incentive and tax effects of executive compensation plans. Australian Journal of Management, 7(2), 139–157), but the evidence is mixed. By examining conditional conservatism, we avoid some of the methodological difficulties that confront researchers when examining either real or accrual earnings management. Ours is the first study to provide evidence on how the horizon problem shapes conditional accounting conservatism.     

Macroeconomic effects of aggregate accounting conservatism: A cross‐country analysis

This paper examines whether aggregate conditional and unconditional conservatism are associated with economic growth. Prior studies find that conditional conservatism improves contracting efficiency, but that unconditional conservatism has either a neutral or detrimental impact on contracting. We therefore conjecture that country‐level conditional conservatism increases the efficiency of resource allocation in an economy, whereas country‐level unconditional conservatism is not similarly beneficial. Using a cross‐country sample, we construct country‐level estimates of conditional and unconditional conservatism. We find that conditional conservatism is associated with higher level of growth in Gross Domestic Product and Gross Domestic Product per Capita. By contrast, unconditional conservatism shows no or negative association. Our study contributes to the ongoing debate on the desirability of accounting conservatism and also extends the literature on the macroeconomic effects of aggregate financial reporting attributes.     

大股东资金占用、业绩困境与盈余管理

文章手工搜集了中国资本市场上市公司2002年-2006年大股东资金占用的财务数据,实证研究了上市公司"大股东资金占用(掏空)→业绩困境→利用财务报表的盈余管理加以掩饰"的行为模式。研究发现:对于陷入经营困境的亏损公司而言,大股东资金占用越严重,上市公司越可能向上盈余管理、美化业绩。大股东资金占用的上市公司为了避免投资者、监管部门等将公司业绩恶化归咎于其非法的"掏空"行为,从而竭力延迟坏消息、进行盈余管理、虚增收益。     

合并财务报表、母公司个别财务报表与会计稳健性——来自沪深A股的经验证据

在回顾相关研究文献的基础上,分析了合并财务报表与个别财务报表对会计稳健性的影响,并采用Basu逆回归模型及其扩展的Basu模型,构建Vuong统计量和Basu值,以2005年-2008年的上市公司为研究样本进行实证分析,由此得出结论:合并财务报表的信息比母公司的个别财务报表的信息具有更差的稳健性,而基于主体理论编制的合并财务报表比基于母公司理论编制的合并财务报表具有更稳健的会计信息。     

Corporate carbon risk exposure,voluntary disclosure,and financial reporting quality

The study examines whether corporate carbon risk exposure is associated with financial reporting quality and whether voluntary carbon disclosure mediates the relationship. We analyze data drawn from firms traded on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE), for the period 2011 to 2015. We document robust evidence that firms with higher carbon risk exposure tend to provide financial statements of poorer quality (i.e., direct effect) and this association is partially mediated through voluntary carbon disclosure (i.e., indirect effect). The overall negative association between corporate carbon risk exposure and the firm's financial reporting quality is partly explained by the quality of voluntary carbon disclosure.     

The Effects of Conservative Reporting on Investor Disagreement

We examine whether the level of a firm's conditional conservatism affects investor disagreement around earnings announcement dates. Investor disagreement is relevant for its repercussions on stock market efficiency. However, the literature related to the effect of firms’ reporting policies on disagreement is scant. Prior research suggests that conservatism, by requiring higher verifiability of profits, constrains earnings overstatements and encourages more complete revelations of losses, thus improving the information environment. In this paper, we further hypothesize that these effects of conservatism enhance news credibility and decrease information asymmetry, particularly for bad news announcements. This results in a lower disagreement and improved interpretation of earnings news. We consistently find that conservatism measures are negatively associated with proxies of announcement-time investor disagreement and that this effect is stronger when the firm is reporting bad news. Additional analyses indicate that the impact of conservatism is stronger when market surprise to the announcement is greater, while it is weaker in the presence of frequent and precise voluntary disclosure that preempts the earnings announcement. Finally, we show that a higher percentage of institutional investors’ ownership and a higher level of commitment to conservatism reinforce the impact of the latter.     

财务报表重述与公司非效率投资行为

以在2006—2010年的年报附注中披露会计差错更正的上市公司为重述样本,运用倾向得分匹配等两种方法产生控制样本,实证检验财务报表重述公告前后公司投资效率的变化,为财务报告信息质量与公司投资效率间的因果联系提供了更为直接的证据。结果发现：（1）财务报表重述之前,存在融资约束的重述公司会投资不足,不存在融资约束的重述公司倾向于投资过度;（2）报表重述公告后,重述公司投资效率显著提高。     

我国财务报告体系的改进:国际趋同下的思考

2006年我国企业会计准则的颁布使我国企业会计准则体系基本实现了与国际财务报告准则体系的趋同。与此同时,我国财务报告体系也日趋完善。然而,我国现行财务报告体系依然存在一些局限性,因此,必须结合经济环境的变化,在重思我国财务报告体系改进的新发展基础上,完善我国财务报告体系。     

遏制财务舞弊的审计制度安排

近年来全球财务舞弊大案要案不断出现,侵吞资产和欺诈性财务报告呈现出愈演愈厉之势。本文在对舞弊的动机、成因、手段分析的基础上,提出当前遏制财务舞弊应实行特种审计制度和联合审计制度。对特种审计制度、联合审计制度的组织形式、工作范围、工作方式、舞弊审计技术运用等方面作了探讨。