Cost of Recycling Municipal Solid Waste With and Without a Concurrent Beverage Container Deposit Law

The purpose of this article is to contribute to the literature on the effect of beverage container deposit legislation (BCDL) on the cost and amount of the household portion of municipal solid waste recycled. A U.S. General Accounting Office report concluded that dual systems cost more than either alone and that the combination diverts a greater amount of solid waste from landfills, which is supported by this analysis. However, the report's conclusion that a dual system becomes more cost-effective as landfill disposal costs increase cannot be supported over reasonable ranges of the marginal savings from not having to dispose of recycled materials. The cost of recycling is higher in communities with dual systems. Recycling programs without BCDL divert as much or more waste from disposal than with BCDL.     

以“价值添附”破解“产权游离”——绿色流通视角下城市生活垃圾分类回收新设想

“无废城市”理念为国家级城市群建设提出了更高的标准,但随着人口在大城市的不断集聚,现有的以填埋和焚烧为主的城市生活垃圾处理模式,受土地和环境所限已难以符合新时代绿色发展的要求。文章立足于马克思商品流通和产权理论,从物质转换视角分析垃圾分类回收在人与自然之间物质能量绿色流通循环中的重要性,发现“产权游离”现象抑制了消费者主动分类回收的积极性,而通过一定的“价值添附”便可实现商品流通与再生资源回收系统的“两网融合”。以上海生活垃圾分类“绿色账户”模式为案例分析,进一步论证了“价值添附”推动生活垃圾源头分类的可行性,为新时代城市绿色发展拓展了新的思路。     

基于逆向物流的建筑垃圾资源化循环利用研究

本文基于逆向物流的相关理论,结合当前构建和谐社会发展循环经济的现状,对建筑垃圾资源化循环利用的理论与实践进行了深入细致的分析研究,提出了相关基于逆向物流的循环利用的运作模式,阐述了实施过程中存在的问题及相应的措施,为建筑垃圾资源化循环利用提供了理论与实践的探索。     

石油化工中絮凝过滤污水处理的应用研究

含油污水具有成分复杂，量大面广，含油量高，水质差别大，处理过程复杂等特点。采用凝絮一吸附一过滤复合方法，选择合适的污水处理工艺，对含油污水进行处理回用，现场试验处理后的水质可以达到回用要求。且凝絮一吸附一过滤方法工艺简单，成本低廉，可以达到改善环境，降低成本的良好效果，是具有应用和推广前途的含油污水处理方法。     

我国循环经济立法问题的几点探讨

我国循环经济立法经历了长期的发展过程,取得了可喜的成绩,但从总体上看,我国循环经济立法还处于初步阶段,立法质量不高,法律修改工作滞后等问题。我国循环经济立法应以科学发展观为指导,确定循环经济立法的基本思路;抓紧制定《清洁生产促进法》的配套法规及资源回收利用的规定,抓紧修改有关的法律,建立循环经济发展的规则制度、科技支撑制度、激励制度、公众参与制度和政府责任制度。     

An Analysis of Sorting and Recycling of Household Waste: A neo‐Ricardian Approach

One of the most interesting but troublesome features of daily recycling is the mixture of different types of household waste and degradation of a recycled material caused by the mixture of different types of waste. This is often seen in recycling of materials such as used papers, plastics and so on. This paper analyses this aspect, and demonstrates how the formation of prices and activity levels is made in a long‐run growing economy, by means of a neo‐Ricardian type of production model. It is proved that a long‐run equilibrium exists under reasonable assumptions. It is also shown how the sorting rate of different types of waste affects the grade of recyclable resources as well as prices.     

中国特色的循环经济内涵分析

本文认为,中国特色的循环经济是资源节约型经济,必须以生态学规律为指导,以资源的高效利用、循环利用、节约利用为核心,以"减量化、再利用、资源化"为原则,按照"资源-产品-再生资源"的反馈式流程体现低消耗、低排放、高效率的基本特征,促进经济社会全面协调和可持续发展.发展循环经济就是要合理利用自然资源和环境容量,充分考虑自然界的承载能力和净化能力,模拟自然生态系统中"生产者-消费者-分解者"的循环路径和食物链网,将经济活动组织成为"资源-产品-消费-再生资源"的封闭式流程.循环经济能有效地消除可持续发展的两大障碍——环境污染和资源短缺,是实施可持续发展战略必然的选择和重要保证.     

Does ownership of an end-of-life product affect design for environment?

Circulative use of resources is a crucial concept for a modern capitalist economy. Faced with peaking-out of material resources and shortage of landfill capacity in the long run, human beings are required to promote efficient reuse and recycling of end-of-life products (ELPs). One of the methods to advance efficient reuse and recycling is rental or lease of products. Product service is also a similar idea. All these imply, in some sense, a change of ownership of a product and an ELP; ownership of an ELP as well as a product belongs to producers instead of households. It is often said that such a change of ownership promotes design for environment (DfE) or eco-design, contributing to circulative use of resources. This paper examines whether ownership of an ELP affects DfE by means of à la Sraffian type of equilibrium model. I show that there are two routes to DfE, namely via a reduction of the amount of an ELP and enhancement of quality of a secondary material. I also show that DfE effects do not appear under certain conditions, even if the ownership of an ELP is transferred to producers.     

Exhaustion and emotional demands in China: a large-scale investigation across occupations

As the Chinese economy moves toward a market-based model, employees are likely to face more emotional demands and exhaustion at work. However, there are some unique aspects to the emotional demands of work in the Chinese cultural context. We investigate emotional demands and exhaustion in China with a large-scale sample across the six major occupations identified by the Holland classification system. Results show that incumbents of social and enterprising jobs face higher emotional demands. Unexpectedly, exhaustion differs significantly between conventional and other types of jobs. Building on the Job Demand-Resources (JD-R) model, job crafting and the cultural context, we propose that the nonlinear relationship of emotional demands and exhaustion exists only when emotional intelligence is low. Our study may inform practitioners and policy makers in Chinese enterprises about emotional demands and exhaustion for various occupations and the importance of selection and training programs in emotional intelligence.     

论我国循环经济法律体系的构建

发展循环经济需要法律的支持和保障。从目前情况看,就是要结合我国国情,加快研究建立和健全循环经济的法律法规体系。我国目前虽有一些与循环经济有关的法规,但有些新的理念没有纳入其中,体系尚不健全,执法和监督机制也不完善。完整的循环经济法律体系应包括基本法、综合法和专门法三部分。基本法规定发展循环经济的原则、目标和指导思想等;综合法是对基本法的细化,也是对各专门法中涉及的共同问题或基础性问题的综合性规范;专门法是对各个行业的具体规定,应强调可操作性,体现着基本法和综合法的内容。另外,地方也可以根据各自的情况制定相应的循环经济法规。     

Costs and Benefits of Recycling Liquid Board Containers

Recycling of packaging material has become more or less mandatory in many European countries, including Norway. Through so-called voluntary agreements quantitative targets are set for the proportion of total waste to be recycled. At the same time the strategic objective for Norwegian waste policy is that there should be a socio-economic balance between different waste treatment options. On the basis of a cost-benefit analysis it is questioned whether the Norwegian recycling policy for liquid board containers really is cost-effective. The calculations show that the net social costs of the recycling system in 1999 amounted to EUR3.5 million. The high cost is due to the fact that these containers constitute a small fraction of total waste from the household and that it is costly to separate it from other waste. The environmental costs from landfilling or incineration are small compared to the costs of recycling. The best alternative, according to our analysis, is to incinerate the containers with energy recovery.     

浅析我国逆向物流的发展现状及对策

回收物流与废弃物流在生产和消费环节都会不断产生,尽管它们不能直接给企业带来效益,但非常有发展潜力。文章通过对我国逆向物流的现状分析,指出重视再生资源回收利用的迫切性,以及现阶段有效减少废弃物排放,增加资源利用的途径。     

Carl A. Zimring. Cash for Your Trash: Scrap Recycling in America. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2005. xi + 220 pp. ISBN 0-8135-3686-3, $39.95.

Paul Revere rode to Concord on a horse shod with shoes re-forgedfrom scrap iron. New York City’s Mayor, Michael Bloomberg,misstepped when he decided that residents would sort only thoserecyclables that actually had a market, rather than the beveragecontainers that went straight to the landfill. During the intervening226 years, Americans recycled for reasons of economy, and ontothat base we recently have grafted a goal of recycling to promoteenvironmental quality. Carl Zimring’s Cash For Your Trashlinks     

浅谈项目前期可行性研究的重要性

可行性研究在项目前期中占有举足轻重的地位和作用,它是一项集技术、经济、管理于一体的综合性工作,是保证建设项目以最小的投资换取最佳经济效果的科学方法,它的分析过程及结果必须是客观、全面、真实、科学与公正的。     

基于层次分析法的废旧物回收中心选址研究

随着再制造物流越来越受到企业和政府的重视,关于再制造物流的研究也越来越多．然而专门针对再制造物流中废弃物回收中心的选拉研究还相对较少。以回收中心选址为研究课题,首先对再制造,再制造物流进行简单回顾,然后阐述了回收中心的作业流程及选址原则,分析了回收中心选址时需要考虑到的各种因素,接着基于层次分析法和专家打分法,并结合案例对回收中心选址决策进行了研究。     

论农村逆向物流及其网络模型设计

文章指出,发展农村逆向物流不仅是新农村建设的需要,有利于农村循环经济及绿色物流的发展,还能使农村居民获得潜在的社会效益和经济效益,提高农村居民对商品的满意度。文章提出,农村逆向物流有别于一般的逆向物流,具有自己特殊的网络结构和模式。发展农村逆向物流关键在于物流网络的结构设计,一个适合农村逆向物流的网络结构应该能模拟出农村的逆向物流网络运行状况。     

IMPERFECT COMPETITION IN THE RECYCLING INDUSTRY

We study the market allocation in an economy where material is used for producing a consumption good, then recycled and finally landfilled, and where a recycling firm has market power. The material content constitutes an aspect of green product design and affects the recycling costs. Although the recycling firm's supply of recycling services is inefficiently low, it does not abuse its market power to distort the product design allocation. Different policy schemes are proposed which correct for market failures. One promising candidate is a relative recycling standard combined with a consumption good's tax, a material subsidy and a subsidy on recycling services.     

An investigation of young fashion consumers' disposal habits

The research, undertaken in two different stages, was aimed at establishing an understanding of how consumers dispose of fashion products and how to increase sustainable consumption. Increasing volumes of textiles are being produced, purchased and disposed of in landfill sites, which affect the environment. Research has identified the influences in increased purchase behaviour and the tendency to keep clothing for a shorter time. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used to undertake this exploratory research. Consumer focus groups and interviews were conducted initially to identify the main themes relating to fashion consumption and disposition. These were followed by a survey administered to young females to ratify the qualitative findings and to ascertain the extent of textile reuse and recycling. This study identifies consumers' lack of understanding of how this behaviour affects the environment and suggests ways of addressing the growing problem of textile waste and how fashion consumption could become more sustainable.     

复合产出、废弃物交换追加成本与市场结构——基于企业个体行为选择的废弃物资源化经济学原理探析

废弃物处理是当前经济社会面临的重要课题。通过市场手段实现废弃物资源化是较为理想的途径。本文从微观企业视角出发,引入复合产出、废弃物交换追加成本的概念,运用微观经济学中的厂商均衡理论,解释生产过程中产生的废弃物资源化的基本原理,让市场说出生态真理,弥补了产业共生理论的经济学基础不足的缺陷。     

循环经济:实现外贸增长方式转变的战略选择

文章透过循环经济的概念、特征,具体讨论了循环经济中的外贸环境变化,指出西方发达国家以循环经济为指引通过资源有效利用法规、废物资源化利用法规及生产责任延伸法规来实现对我国出口的制约.在现实的选择中,我国必须通过提高认识、更新理念、借鉴国外经验完善本国法规等对策,实现循环经济的发展模式.