中小企业集合年金计划及其实施

企业年金计划在我国构建多层次养老保障体系的进程中至关重要,而发展相对迟缓、滞后的中小企业年金计划更是引人关注。国际经验显示,集合年金计划是符合中小企业的条件和特点的企业年金计划模式。本文对集合年金计划的运作形式与特点进行了论述,阐明了中小企业采用该模式能够获得经济、管理及社会多重价值,并且对我国现有政策、经济条件下如何实施集合年金计划提出了措施建议。     

养老住宅投资风险评价

随着人口老龄化,老年问题越来越凸显,养老住宅应运而生。但是养老住宅面临前期选址、融资、市场需求等多重风险,导致养老住宅存在着较高的投资风险。本文从开发商角度,分析养老住宅投资风险影响因素,通过层次分析法构建风险模型,计算风险因素对整改项目的影响程度,进而帮助投资商提前预知风险,采取有效的方法规避风险。     

我国企业年金投资监管的模式选择及政策措施

企业年金作为我国养老保障体系的重要组成部分,近年来在制度构建和政策法规建设方面取得较大进展。但在投资监管模式的构建方面,如监管体系构建、信息披露以及信息共享等方面仍存在诸多问题。本文从企业年金投资监管的三种模式出发,结合我国现有的金融监管体系、政治文化环境等因素,分析得出只有牵头监管模式才是我国企业年金投资监管的最优选择,并在此基础上提出了相应的政策建议。     

企业年金基金运作管理风险控制机制设计

随着我国养老体制的改革与完善,近几年刚刚起步的企业年金发展迅速,如何控制企业年金基金运作中的风险,是一个亟待解决的重要问题。本文分析了企业年金基金运作管理中存在的风险,并设计了相应的制衡机制。     

促进我国企业年金发展的税收优惠政策构想

企业年金制度是在国家政策支持下,企业和职工在依法参加基本养老保险的基础上自愿建立的补充养老保障计划,是社会养老保障的重要组成部分,也是企业福利计划的重要组成部分。从20世纪90年代初,国家就提倡和鼓励建立企业年金计划。经过近20年发展,我国企业年金获得了一定程度的发展,但与市场经济发达国家相比,我国企业年金水平还比较低...     

长寿风险对保险公司年金产品的影响及解决方案

人口老龄化和养老保险制度改革为保险公司年金业务发展提供了巨大机遇。然而,巨大的机遇往往伴随巨大的挑战。本文从保险公司风险管理的视角,定量分析长寿风险对于年金产品收益率和准备金的影响,探讨了保险公司应对长寿风险的解决方案。     

浅析扩大投资品种后的企业年金资产配置

企业年金资产配置对年金基金保值增值起着决定性作用。2013年人力资源部和社会保障部23号文的发布,为企业年金增加了商业银行理财产品、信托产品、基础设施债权投资计划、特定资产管理计划和股指期货5类可投资金融产品,进一步拓宽了企业年金的投资范围,为企业年金的资产配置提供了新的思路,也为企业年金行业带来重大发展机遇。文章从企业年金的资产配置出发,结合23号文的新增投资品种特性,分析新投资品种对企业年金资产配置带来的影响。     

浅析扩大投资品种后的企业年金资产配置

企业年金资产配置对年金基金保值增值起着决定性作用。2013年人力资源部和社会保障部23号文的发布,为企业年金增加了商业银行理财产品、信托产品、基础设施债权投资计划、特定资产管理计划和股指期货5类可投资金融产品,进一步拓宽了企业年金的投资范围,为企业年金的资产配置提供了新的思路,也为企业年金行业带来重大发展机遇。文章从企业年金的资产配置出发,结合23号文的新增投资品种特性,分析新投资品种对企业年金资产配置带来的影响。     

基于风险的我国企业年金基金投资管理人内控机制探研

<正>每个市场主体在经营运作过程中都有发生风险的可能性,企业年金基金投资管理人概莫能外。本文是从企业年金基金投资管理人内部经营管理的角度,分析其自身可能存在的威胁企业年金基金投资运作的风险,并在此基础上运用内部控制理论,探讨如何建立一套有效的内部控制机制来对这些风险点进行管理和控制,以使投资管理人能更好地履行其投资管理职能,为企业年金基金的投资运作保驾护航。     

浅析扩大投资品种后的企业年金资产配置

企业年金资产配置对年金基金保值增值起着决定性作用。2013年人力资源部和社会保障部23号文的发布，为企业年金增加了商业银行理财产品、信托产品、基础设施债权投资计划、特定资产管理计划和股指期货5类可投资金融产品，进一步拓宽了企业年金的投资范围，为企业年金的资产配置提供了新的思路，也为企业年金行业带来重大发展机遇。文章从企业年金的资产配置出发，结合23号文的新增投资品种特性，分析新投资品种对企业年金资产配置带来的影响。     

Extended risk classification in insurance industry

Recently extended risk classification has become an important issue in life insurance and annuity markets. Using various risk factors, one can construct various risk classes. This enables insurers to provide more equitable life insurance and annuity benefits for individuals in different risk classes and to manage mortality/longevity risk more efficiently. This article discusses the development of a mortality model that reflects the impact of various risk factors on mortality. The model uses Markov process combined with generalized linear models. The model is used to illustrate how the various risk factors influence actuarial present values of life insurance and annuity benefits.     

Age-dependent investing: Optimal funding and investment strategies in defined contribution pension plans when members are rational life cycle financial planners

A defined contribution pension plan allows consumption to be redistributed from the plan member's working life to retirement in a manner that is consistent with the member's personal preferences. The plan's optimal funding and investment strategies therefore depend on the desired profile of consumption over the lifetime of the member. We investigate these strategies under the assumption that the member is a rational life cycle financial planner and has an Epstein–Zin utility function, which allows a separation between risk aversion and the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. We also take into account the member's human capital during the accumulation phase of the plan and we allow the annuitisation decision to be endogenously determined during the decumulation phase.We show that the optimal funding strategy involves a contribution rate that is not constant over the life of the plan but is age-dependent and reflects the trade-off between the desire for current versus future consumption, the desire for stable consumption over time, the member's attitude to risk, and changes in the level of human capital over the life cycle. We also show that the optimal investment strategy during the accumulation phase of the plan is ‘stochastic lifestyling’, with an initial high weight in equity-type investments and a gradual switch into bond-type investments as the retirement date approaches in a way that depends on the realised outcomes for the stochastic processes driving the state variables. The optimal investment strategy during the decumulation phase of the plan is to exchange the bonds held at retirement for life annuities and then to gradually sell the remaining equities and buy more annuities, i.e., a strategy known as ‘phased annuitisation’.     

前景理论与年金之谜——基于年金购买意愿判别准则视角

随着中国进入老龄化社会,养老压力逐步加大。年金作为养老体系的重要支柱,其预期需求也应加大,但现实年金购买量远小于预期,产生了年金之谜。利用行为经济学对年金之谜进行分析,基于累积前景理论的年金价值离散时间模型,建立了投资者是否愿意购买年金的判别准则;利用光滑前景理论,构造了年金行为价值的连续时间模型,也建立了年金购买意愿的判别准则。数值模拟和实证结果发现：损失厌恶是投资者放弃购买年金的主要原因,概率扭曲进一步使得年金失去吸引力,风险态度也影响年金价值。     

Homeownership and mixed-asset portfolio allocations

Homeownership represents both a consumption and an investment decision for individuals. Considering the investment benefits of the home, we estimate the total returns and risk associated with the investment in single-family homes. Then, using a mean–variance utility function, we consider the impact of homeownership and mortgage loan financing on the optimal asset allocation decisions of individuals and contrast this with advice that does not include the home as part of the portfolio. While optimal portfolio weights are dependant upon both the degree of risk aversion of the individual investor and the relative importance of the home in the overall net worth picture, we show that, in general, the higher the home-to-net worth ratio, the higher the optimal portfolio allocation to stock. For most investors, including the home in the optimization decision leads to higher allocations to risky stock than suggested by traditional advice that ignores the home.     

债券组合投资方案设计研究

论文主要研究的是设计债券组合投资方案使得收益最大化的问题。债券投资本身是一个高收益、高风险的活动,论文中债券组合投资通过综合考虑特定债券购买、资金限制债券类型、平均风险等级、平均到期年限这些条件,按照题目所求,查阅相关资料与数据,通过将决策变量、决策目标和约束条件构成的合理的线性规划优化模型来求解问题。     

企业年金计划受益人的财产风险及其保护问题探讨

受益人利益及其财产保护是企业年金计划的核心目标。基于信托和委托的企业年金治理结构和运作体系,既是受益人财产制度的创新,又是受益人财产风险的根源。由于利益主体目标函数的不一致和机会主义行为,会出现产权交易中的转移保留权、既得受益权、投资决定权、制衡监管权以及风险补偿权等问题,损害受益人的利益及财产。评价和衡量企业年金计划绩效的唯一标准是受益人利益最大化和财产保护的有效性,这需要界定产权交易链条中利益主体的权能结构关系,强化其合意行为并控制其机会主义行为,重视它们之间的利益捆绑机制,在信托和委托多重代理关系中寻求利益激励与约束的均衡点。     

Using simulation as a tool in selecting a retirement age under defined benefit pension plans

This paper examines how simulation modeling can be used to select a retirement age under defined benefit pension plans. This approach construes the variables affecting pension benefits as probabilistic variables. Simulations are then run to generate probabilistic values for the real value of pension benefits for alternative retirement ages. By construing variables affecting pension benefits as probability distributions, this approach reflects the uncertainty facing individuals contemplating retirement. By generating estimates of retirement benefits as probability distributions rather than as single deterministic values, the model provides individuals with a more realistic and complete frame of reference for making the retirement decision. The author is grateful to an anonymous referee and Joachim Zietz. JEF editor, for helpful comments.     

The treatment of registered retirement savings plans at maturity

In recent years we have witnessed a dramatic rise in the popularity of tax-deductible registered retirement savings plans as an increasing number of Canadians have taken advantage of the tax saving associated with these do-it-yourself pension schemes. As a quid pro quo, the Income Tax Act restricts the manner in which the proceeds of an RRSP can be used to generate a retirement income. This note examines the annuity aspect of RRSPs and how the imposition of such a constraint on withdrawals affects the optimal control solution to the individual planholder's utility maximization problem.     

A Housing Career Perspective on Risk

The main question analyzed in the article is how uncertainty in the asset price of owner-occupied housing capital affects user costs and consequently housing demand. The analysis is performed within the framework of a dynamic model of planned housing careers. Owner-occupied housing has a dual role as both an asset and a consumption good—a consumption good both now and in the future. By holding owner-occupied housing capital, the risk associated with future purchase of housing can be reduced. Taking account of this, it is shown that the risk premium in the user cost is negative for consumers on a sufficient increasing path of future housing consumption. Hence, the demand for owner-occupied housing of a risk-averse consumer can be increasing in asset price volatility. This result is contrary to the “conventional wisdom” in housing economics and can be identified only within an analytical framework that takes account of the dynamic aspects of housing market behavior.