各国多元租赁房供给模式与启示

在各国的住房市场上,租赁住房具有不可或缺的地位。它既可满足消费者多样化选择,促进人口劳动力的合理流动,平抑售房市场价格,还可减轻政府公共住房的压力。为培养租赁住房市场,各国政府无不运用财税、金融、法律等多种政策鼓励民营资本进入租赁市场,使得非盈利组织、住房合作社、房地产信托基金、保险公司和私人业主成为租赁住房的主力军。借鉴国外经验,遵循《政府工作报告》中"建机制、补短板、兜底线"的精神,补好住房政策中租赁市场欠发达的短板,鼓励民营资本进入,更有效地解决大城市住房难的问题。     

社会资本参与公共租赁住房建设的实证研究——以合肥市公租房项目为例

在公共租赁住房建设中,政府在土地供给以及资金投入中占主导,企业及其他社会资本的参与度低,主要是由于社会资本的投资收益不确定,投资回收期长,激励措施不完善和退出机制不明朗.公共租赁住房建设需要积极地引导社会资本进入该领域,建设公共租赁住房融资平台.通过对合肥公共租赁住房项目的收益分析,对社会资本进入公租房项目进行了收益分析,论证了公租房建设配套相应商业设施的方案的可行性.为鼓励和引导社会资本参与公共租赁住房建设,政府应当在保障用地供应,减免建设税费,降低融资成本,建立投资基金,完善贷款担保制度,开展公共租赁住房资产证券化试点等方面予以支持.     

保障性租赁住房建设对房地产市场有冲击吗——基于商品住宅“双市场”均衡机制

保障性租赁住房政策的构建和落地需要充分评估其对房地产市场的影响。基于商品住宅“双市场”均衡机制，研究泡沫化和单市场调控下保障性租赁住房建设对“双市场”均衡的影响，为保障性租赁住房政策的落地提供建议。研究表明：短期保障性租赁住房政策会使租赁市场出现“量升价减”，销售市场热度降温；长期当保障性租赁住房的供给量调整到“双市场”均衡下的供给量时，租赁市场和销售市场出现“量价趋稳”，且政策效果因住房需求群体和城市人口规模的不同而有所差异。未来在保障性租赁住房政策实施过程中，应在“以需定供”确定供应结构、落实地方政府责任和健全住房体系方面发力。     

民营资本进入银行业的效应和策略分析

2010年以来民营资本进入银行业已取得较大的进展。民营资本适度进入银行业可以带来推动银行业的市场化改革、疏导民间资本、服务实体经济的正面效应，但也存在引发恶性竞争、弱化公司治理、威胁金融系统稳定的风险。民营资本进入银行业有资本的进入、机构的进入两种方式。我国政府应在完善政策规则框架、严格控制准入数量、引导民营资本严格自律、建立风险补偿和市场退出机制方面规范民营资本进入银行业。     

我国社会资本参建公共租赁住房的激励政策及其优化研究

随着近年来我国城市化进程的加快,如何有效地吸引社会资本参公共租赁住房,更快更好地解决城镇"夹心层"群体住房困难,成为摆在各级政府面前一道迫在眉睫的难题。文章总结我国中央和地方政府近年来激励社会资本参建公共租赁住房的土地、财税、金融、行政审批等优惠政策,分析其局限和不足,并借鉴美国、德国和荷兰等发达国家和地区的相关成功经验,提出优化我国社会资本参建公共租赁住房激励政策的对策建议,以期为我国各级政府进一步出台激励社会资本参建公共租赁住房的法规政策提供理论支撑和科学依据。     

美国住房租赁市场运行机制探讨及借鉴

美国拥有发达的私人住房租赁市场和公共住房租赁市场,其关于住房租赁市场的法律制度、税收体系、房租补贴政策和完善的政府监管体制等方面均值得我国借鉴。研究表明,支撑美国住房租赁市场的因素主要有供给因素、需求因素和政府对租赁市场的有效管理和规范。尽管在住房消费文化和土地制度环境等方面我国住房市场与美国住房市场差异显著,但美国发展与规范住房租赁市场的经验对培育和发展我国住房租赁市场仍然具有重要的政策借鉴价值。     

美国住房租赁市场运行机制探讨及借鉴

美国拥有发达的私人住房租赁市场和公共住房租赁市场,其关于住房租赁市场的法律制度、税收体系、房租补贴政策和完善的政府监管体制等方面均值得我国借鉴。研究表明,支撑美国住房租赁市场的因素主要有供给因素、需求因素和政府对租赁市场的有效管理和规范。尽管在住房消费文化和土地制度环境等方面我国住房市场与美国住房市场差异显著,但美国发展与规范住房租赁市场的经验对培育和发展我国住房租赁市场仍然具有重要的政策借鉴价值。     

中国住房租赁政策变迁及其逻辑——基于“间断—均衡”理论与注意力理论整合的视角

为了厘清我国住房租赁政策的变迁规律和作用机理,对1998—2023年的63份中央层面住房租赁政策文件进行文本分析,研究发现：住房租赁政策变迁存在三个均衡期和两个间断点,呈现出政策目标不断扩面、政策主体逐渐多元、政策工具使用结构合理的趋势。政策目标由注重住房租赁保障转向市场与保障并重,住房供给主体从政府包揽转变为多方参与。在前两个政策均衡期内,政府为实现管控效果偏重于使用强制型政策工具,在第三个政策均衡期则更多运用混合型政策工具。注意力作为中介变量,受内外情境结构因素影响推动了政策变迁。政府系统回应和冲突扩大机制对两次政策间断起到关键作用,政府在解决夹心层群体和新市民住房问题过程中赋予住房租赁政策以新的意义。未来应注重住房租赁政策目标接续,发挥政策工具的叠加效应,重视保障性租赁住房建设并规范住房租赁市场,确保租赁住房供需均衡。     

“商改租”渐成趋势

【点评】对于居民住房服务,重庆市在《计划》中明确提出,加快制定培育和发展住房租赁市场的支持政策,进一步规范住房租赁交易行为,逐步完善住房租赁配套公共服务。鼓励房地产开发龙头企业开展住房租赁业务,允许将商办用房等按照规定改建用于住房租赁,引进和支持发展机构化、规模化住房租赁企业。其实,在重庆之前,北京、上海、广州、深圳等城市已经出台了鼓励“商改租”的相关政策,为库存的商办性质用房提供了一条新的出路,“商改租”也渐成蔓延之势。     

民间资本运营 谨防“非法集资”雷区

《国务院关于鼓励和引导民间投资健康发展的若干意见》被称为“新非公经济36条”,《意见》提到将进一步拓宽民间投资的领域和范围,允许民间资本兴办金融机构,鼓励和引导民间资本进入基础产业和基础设施领域,支持和引导民间资本投资建设经济适用住房、公共租赁住房等政策性住房。     

Distributional aspects of public rental housing and rent control policies in Spain

This paper studies the importance of the economic advantages and some distributional consequences generated by public and subsidized rental housing as well as rent control policies in Spain. Individual benefits are defined as the difference between the rent the protected dwellings would have in the market, minus the rent actually paid for them. The market valuation is obtained with an hedonic function estimated for the uncontrolled private sector. Data for the Madrid Metropolitan Area in 1974 show that for both policies, benefits are of considerable importance, while its distribution among beneficiaries is very unsatisfactory according to horizontal and vertical equity criteria.     

The influence of racial segregation on housing prices

Census tract data were used to investigate the influence of racial segregation on housing prices in the Oakland, California housing market. White renters were found to pay a premium to live in segregated neighborhoods. Racial differences in the implicit prices of specific housing characteristics were also observed in the rental market: a unit of housing space was more expensive in the black rental submarket, while a unit of housing quality cost more in the white rental submarket. No significant differences were found in the prices paid by black and white homeowners, although for methodological reasons these results were less reliable than those for rental housing.     

城市新就业职工住房保障问题实证研究——基于合肥市新就业职工的调查

调查表明,50%多的新就业职工住房困难。由于收入较低,新就业职工住房支付能力严重不足,30%多的新就业职工家庭缺乏租房支付能力;超过70%的新就业职工家庭缺乏购房支付能力。所以,要尽快将新就业职工纳入住房保障范围。首先,提高新就业职工收入水平,遏制住房价格过快上涨;其次,多渠道筹集住房保障资金;第三,积极创新相关配套政策,完善公共租赁住房准入和退出机制;第四,适时推出限价商品住房,利用优惠信贷政策,提高新就业职工住房支付能力。     

Location incentives in the low-income housing tax credit: Are qualified census tracts necessary?

The low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC) is the largest project-based housing subsidy in the United States. Within the program, private developers receive a subsidy in exchange for constructing apartment units that rent for a predetermined affordable rate. Because the subsidy requires apartment buildings to charge a lower rental rate, the opportunity cost of developing subsidized housing in a location is the market rent that a developer could have charged if he had not received the subsidy. This study characterizes how profit incentives motivate location decisions within the LIHTC program by showing that opportunity cost causes more LIHTC development in locations with low market rent. This result implies that additional financial incentives, like the qualified census tract, may not be necessary to promote construction of subsidized housing in low-rent areas.     

公共租赁住房混合供应模式——实施层面战略的构建

本文以管理工程的视角结合公共经济学理论,分析了当前公租房建设实施过程中的困扰及其原因,指出问题源于对公租房这一公共产品在概念上的定义偏差,由于这一偏差,进而引起了实施层面的战略矛盾.文章认为公共住房供应并非狭义上的物理形态住房的供应,而更多的是指政府住房保障服务的供应,鉴于社会个人私有住房出租市场的现实存在,有可能通过...     

城乡交错区农村住房租赁市场:资源与收入配置效应

本文对杭州市城乡交错区农村住房租赁市场的资源配置与收入配置效应进行了详细分析。研究发现,村庄外来劳动力比重对住房租赁市场的发育影响较大;家庭人均住房建筑面积与农户出租面积关系密切。住房租赁市场的发育提高了宅基地利用效率,并一定程度上促进了住房投资。住房出租的租金收入在农户家庭收入总额中已经占到了不小的份额,这意味着住房租赁市场的发育有利于农户家庭收入的提高。     

在全面深化改革背景下发展住房租赁市场

我国住房租赁市场的发展严重滞后于住房交易市场,大力推进住房租赁市场的建设,不仅有利于形成住房梯级消费,还有助于丰富、完善房地产市场体系和市场结构,从广度和深度上推进市场化改革。通过对租买选择无差异、租金和投资关系的分析以及信息不对称与福利经济学理论的阐述,在借鉴国外住房租赁市场成功发展经验的基础上,从加强房地产市场体系与制度建设、多元化的市场供给、市场平台的搭建、市场环境的营造、市场监管等方面对推进我国住房租赁市场的建设提出对策建议。     

Late Neoliberalism: The Financialization of Homeownership and Housing Rights

Over the last few decades we have witnessed a global U‐turn in prevailing housing and urban policy agendas, spread around the world by the driving forces of globalization and neoliberalism. The new paradigm was mainly based on the withdrawal of states from the housing sector and the implementation of policies designed to create stronger and larger market‐based housing finance models. The commodification of housing, together with the increased use of housing as an investment asset within a globalized financial market, has profoundly affected the enjoyment of the right to adequate housing. Taking the World Bank's 1993 manifesto as a starting point and the subprime crisis as its first great international flashpoint, this essay traces some key elements of the neoliberal approach to housing and its impact on the enjoyment of the right to housing in different contexts and times. The reform of housing policy — with all its components of homeownership, private property and binding financial commitments — has been central to the political and ideological strategies through which the dominance of neoliberalism is maintained. Conversely, the crisis (and its origins in the housing market) reflects the inability of market mechanisms to provide adequate and affordable housing for all.