住房出租市场的现状·问 题·对策 专家

本文简要分析了住房租赁的两种形式,即福利性出租住房和市场化出租住房,认为二元户籍制度、低租金低工资制度等是妨碍两个市场融合、共同发展的主要因素,并有针对性地提出了十点建议。关键词:住房租赁市场二元户籍制租金房源福利性出租住房市场化出租住房一、住房租赁市场的现状我国的住房租赁,按出租住房的来源和租金水平及承担人,大致可以划分为两大块,福利性(或政策性)住房租赁和市场化住房租赁。(一)福利性(政策性)出租住房是指由国家或单位出资建造的,分配给城镇居民或单位职工的住房,只收取少量房租。可以分为     

论住房租赁的形式和必要性

本文简要分析了住房租赁的两形形式，即福利性住房出租和市场化住房地租，提出要大力发展住房租赁市场。     

住房税收社会保障含量分析

对中低收入家庭购买和使用住房实行税收优惠。对符合住房保障条件的社会中低收入家庭在购买和使用住房时实行减免契税和印花税;对从事政府定价的廉租房经租的业主和物业管理企业实行房产税、营业税和所得税等的减免;而对于中低收入家庭出租自有住房收入,其家庭年收入在当地社会平均家庭收入水平2倍以下的可以减免出租住房收入应缴的全部税收。     

社会保障性住宅的供应制度与运行机制

1 在当前住宅制度改革中必须建立社会保障性住宅的供应与分配制度1.1 根据深化住房制度改革方案,上海将实行按照不同的家庭收入实行不同的住房分配办法:高收入家庭的住房问题可向市场购买商品房解决;中等收入家庭的住房由政府或单位供应,以成本价出售给需房的家庭;低收入的家庭所需住房由政府或单位以低廉的租金出租。如果实施这一改革,则上海只有10%的     

财政部、国家税务总局关于调整住房租赁市场税收政策的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市财政厅（局），国家税务局，地方税务局，新疆生产建设兵团： 为了配合国家住房制度改革，支持住房租赁市场的健康发展，经国务院批准，现对住房租赁市场有关税收政策问题通知如下： 一、对按政府规定价格出租的公有住房和廉租住房，包括企业和自收自支事业单位向职工出租的单位自有住房；房管部门向居民出租的公有住房；落实私房政策中带户发还产权并以政府规定租金标准向居民出租的私有住房等，暂免征收房产税、营业税。 二、对个人按市场价格出租的居民住房，其应缴纳的营业税暂减按３％的税率征收，房…     

发展住房租赁需要的经济社会环境分析

住房租赁市场是住房市场的重要组成部分。当前,发展住房租赁、多渠道解决住房问题已逐步成为共识。但从实践来看,目前住房租赁市场的发展并不尽如人意。这其中有住房租赁市场本身存在的问题,也有其发展需要的经济社会环境尚不成熟、或尚不具备的原因。一、逐步打破地方政府对“土地财政”的依赖目前,地方政府收入的重要来源之一是土地出让收入和与房地产交易相关的税费。2013年,各地国有土地使用权出让收入     

住房出租市场的现状·问题·对策

本简要分析了住房租赁的两种形式,即福利性出租住房和市场化出租住房,认为二元户籍制度、低租金低工资制度等妨碍两个市场融合、共同发展的主要因素,并有针对性地提出了十点建议。     

支持公共租赁住房建设有关税收优惠政策解读

近年来,随着廉租住房、经济适用住房建设和棚户区改造力度的逐步加大,城市低收入家庭的住房条件得到较大改善。但由于有的地区住房保障政策覆盖范围较小,部分大中城市商品住房价格较高、上涨过快、可供出租的小户型住房供应不足等原因,一些中等偏下收入住房困难家庭无力通过市场租赁或购买住房的问题比较突出。同时,随着城镇化快速推进,     

建立公共租赁住房制度完善上海住房供应体系

公共租赁住房可有广义和狭义两种理解．狭义的理解是政府专门建造,向特定对象出租的住房;广义的理解可是凡在建设、供应、经营等环节享受政府有关政策优惠的租赁住房都可以称为公共租赁住房,不仅包括政府建设和经营的,还可以包括机构和企业经营的,以及市场上享受政策补贴用于出租的住房。公共租赁住房即可以作为解决中低收入家庭住房保障的有效手段,也可以作为解决外来从业人员包括刚毕业的大学生、引进人才的阶段性居住困难的有效手段。     

住房群租与房改缺失

群租是指居住拥挤并产生较大负外部性效应的居住现象。群租现象产生的直接原因是住房租赁市场中可供租赁房源的供不应求,而深层次的原因在于我国城镇住房制度市场化改革进程中存在的缺陷。群租产生了负的外部性,政府对此加以管制是毋庸置疑的。除了完善有关住房租赁的法律法规外,大力发展我国住房租赁市场,广开出租房源,将有助于群租现象的有效解决。     

美国住房租赁市场运行机制探讨及借鉴

美国拥有发达的私人住房租赁市场和公共住房租赁市场,其关于住房租赁市场的法律制度、税收体系、房租补贴政策和完善的政府监管体制等方面均值得我国借鉴。研究表明,支撑美国住房租赁市场的因素主要有供给因素、需求因素和政府对租赁市场的有效管理和规范。尽管在住房消费文化和土地制度环境等方面我国住房市场与美国住房市场差异显著,但美国发展与规范住房租赁市场的经验对培育和发展我国住房租赁市场仍然具有重要的政策借鉴价值。     

美国住房租赁市场运行机制探讨及借鉴

美国拥有发达的私人住房租赁市场和公共住房租赁市场,其关于住房租赁市场的法律制度、税收体系、房租补贴政策和完善的政府监管体制等方面均值得我国借鉴。研究表明,支撑美国住房租赁市场的因素主要有供给因素、需求因素和政府对租赁市场的有效管理和规范。尽管在住房消费文化和土地制度环境等方面我国住房市场与美国住房市场差异显著,但美国发展与规范住房租赁市场的经验对培育和发展我国住房租赁市场仍然具有重要的政策借鉴价值。     

The demand for rental housing: Evidence from the Housing Allowance Demand Experiment

This paper provides new evidence on the price and income elasticities of demand for rental housing by low income households. Housing expenditures of households participating in the Housing Allowance Demand Experiment and receiving housing allowances in the form of a proportional rent rebate are analyzed. These rent rebates experimentally vary the effective relative price of housing and thus enable estimation of the price elasticities. Natural income variation enables estimation of income elasticities. Analysis is carried out using two functional forms and a variety of models of housing dynamics. The estimated income and price elasticities of demand are 0.36 and −0.22, respectively. When the sample is restricted to include only households headed by couples, the elasticity estimates are 0.47 for income and −0.36 for price. These estimates are lower (in absolute value) than have been previously estimated and it is suggested that this may be due to the low-income nature of the sample.     

Effective Rental Housing Demand in the Tokyo Metropolitan Region

This paper reports on the estimation of housing demand for tenants in Tokyo Metropolitan Region using household level data for 1993. The results indicate that the rental housing demand is inelastic with respect to permanent income and price, with coefficients as 0.31 and -0.093 respectively. Other important variables, which determine housing demand for tenants are length of stay and type of household. Larger households demand more housing. However, keeping the size of household constant, households with elderly members have higher demand for housing. The only exception to the rule is households formed with members not belonging to same nucleus family demand less housing.     

Spillover effects of subprime mortgage originations: The effects of single-family mortgage credit expansion on the multifamily rental market

The dramatic expansion in subprime mortgage credit fueled a remarkable boom and bust in the US housing market and created a global financial crisis. Even though considerable research examines the housing and mortgage markets during the previous decade, how the expansion in mortgage credit affected the rental market remains unclear; and yet, over 30 percent of all U.S. households reside in the rental market. Our study fills this gap by showing how the multifamily rental market was adversely affected by the development of subprime lending in the single-family market before the advent of the 2007/2008 subprime induced financial crisis. We provide evidence for a fundamentals based linkage by which the effect of an innovation in one market (i.e, the growth in subprime mortgage originations) is propagated through to another market. Using a large database of residential rental lease payment records, our results confirm that the expansion in subprime lending corresponds with an overall decline in the quality of rental payments. Finally, we present evidence showing that the financial performance of multifamily rental properties reflected the increase in rental lease defaults.     

A comparison of household mobility for owned manufactured,traditional owned,and rental units using the American Housing Survey

This study employs data from the national sample of the American Housing Survey to analyze the mobility decisions of families in owned manufactured housing in comparison to families in traditional owned homes and rental units. Specifically a continuous time probability model (CTM) is used to estimate the likelihood of these families moving over the period of 1993–2001. In general, the empirical work suggests that families occupying both owned manufactured housing and traditional owned housing are associated with lower probabilities of moving than comparable households in rental units. Of particular interest is the fact that, ceteris paribus, families in both traditional owned homes and owned manufactured housing exhibit negative duration dependence, or a decreasing probability of moving over time, while for those in rental units duration dependence is positive. These differences are important because of their potential implications for long-term neighborhood stability and, as such, the viability of manufactured housing as an affordable housing alternative for lower income families.     

‘House poor’ or simply ‘poor’?

This paper defines a set of indicators for distinguishing housing affordability problems resulting from high rents from those chiefly arising from low income. In place of the common ratio of rent to income, it uses a residual income indicator with indicators of over-consumption and over-paying for housing services. The indicators are computed for a sample of renter households in Switzerland, one of the countries with the greatest rental share. They help define more precisely who needs general income assistance and who needs specific housing aid (only one fourth of the former).     

中国快速城市化时期农民工住房类型及其评价

城市化过程中来自农村的城市移民的住房问题是城市化过程中的突出问题之一,这个问题解决不好就会出现如巴西和印度等国家大量的城市贫民窟,成为城市发展的“肿瘤”.在分析中国城市农民工住房的基础上,从城市化、城市空间结构、经济和社会发展等角度评估现有的比较典型的农民工住房类型,最后提出几点政策和规划建议.     

Household wealth accumulation and portfolio choices in Korea

This paper constructs a quantitative lifecycle model with uninsurable labor income and housing return risk to investigate how Korean households make saving and portfolio decisions. The model not only incorporates the special roles housing plays in the portfolio of households: collateral, a source of service flows, as well as a source of potential capital gains or losses, but also adds to existing models of wealth accumulation some unique institutional features present in Korea, namely the rental system (‘chonsae’) and the lack of a mortgage system. When the model is calibrated to match the Korean economy, several key features of the data are better able to be reproduced. The paper also analyzes the role of institutional features by comparing several alternative housing market arrangements to assess their impact on wealth accumulation, portfolio choices, and homeownership. A 10 percentage points reduction in down-payment requirement is associated with approximately 1 percentage point increase in the aggregate homeownership ratio in Korea. Lower down-payment also increases the fraction of aggregate wealth held in housing assets but lowers aggregate net worth with mixed demographic implications.     

从出租屋看农民工市民化的困境

出租屋是农民工在打工地的主要居住方式。其基本特征是:大多数位于城乡结合部;大多数建在宅基地上;运作成本低廉,成为出租屋主财产性收入的重要来源;显著不同于国外的贫民窟;获得农民工较高的满意度。存在的主要问题是:政府对出租屋的规划管理具有滞后性;在法律上还没有承认出租屋的合法地位;对出租屋流动人口管理服务有待于进一步加强。有关的政策建议是:高度重视出租屋的地位和作用;加强对农民工居住的出租屋的研究,建立健全有关法律法规;科学制定城镇规划;加快宅基地、农村集体建设用地改革步伐;保持"以屋管人"的连续性。