考虑支付股利的可转换债券的单因素定价模型

可转换债券作为一种新兴的金融衍生工具,指持有人有权在规定期限内将其转换成确定数量的发行公司的普通股票.因此,它具有双重基本属性,即债权性和期权性,兼具筹费和避险双重功能,在公司的融资中发挥着重要作用.本文提出了一种考虑支付股利的可转换债券的定价模型.该模型是以公司的股票价格为基础变量的单因素定价模型,与双因素模型相比较,其可操作性更强,具有可直接获得的市场价格教据,并大大简化了可转换债券的定价问题.本文还根据我国可转换债券的设计条款构建定价的偏微分方程的边界条件,其数值解可以运用有限差分的方法而求得.因此,该模型能较好地对可转换债券进行定价.     

我国可转换债券的定价分析

可转换债券兼有普通债券的安全性与股票的收益性,因此自其诞生之日起就备受投资者的青睐。然而,可转换债券中包含着众多的期权使得对其进行准确的定价非常困难熏而我国可转换债券的特殊性使得对其定价更为复杂。本文结合我国可转换债券的特点,用二项式模型对其定价,以期获得相对合理的可转换债券理论价格。     

考虑支付股利的可转换债券的单因素定价模型

可转换债券作为一种新兴的金融衍生工具,指持有人有权在规定期限内将其转换成确定数量的发行公司的普通股票。因此,它具有双重基本属性,即债权性和期权性,兼具筹资和避险双重功能,在公司的融资中发挥着重要作用。本文提出了一种考虑支付股利的可转换债券的定价模型。该模型是以公司的股票价格为基础变量的单因素定价模型,与双因素模型相比较,其可操作性更强,具有可直接获得的市场价格数据,并大大简化了可转换债券的定价问题。本文还根据我国可转换债券的设计条款构建定价的偏微分方程的边界条件,其数值解可以运用有限差分的方法而求得。因此,该模型能较好地对可转换债券进行定价。     

可转换债券定价问题浅析

可转换债券是一种极其复杂的信用衍生产品。其价值主要分为由纯债券价值和转换期权价值两部分有机地构成。利用无套利定价方法来确定可转换债券的定价,通过分别求纯债券价值与转换期权价值的总和来确定可转换债券的定价。     

可转换债券定价问题浅析

可转换债券是一种极其复杂的信用衍生产品。其价值主要分为由纯债券价值和转换期权价值两部分有机地构成。利用无套利定价方法来确定可转换债券的定价,通过分别求纯债券价值与转换期权价值的总和来确定可转换债券的定价。     

可转债的定价研究

可转换债券作为一种兼具债券、股票和期权多重投资特性的派生金融产品,其转股价的确定受多种因素的影响.本文通过时可转债定价进行价值和杠杆分析,建立一种以企业未来财务状况为主的定价体系.     

基于B-S期权定价模型的可转换债券定价实证分析

可转换债券是一种混合金融衍生工具,它把相应的股票看涨期权内嵌在传统的公司债券之中,具有债券和股票的双重性质,因而可转债的定价问题逐渐为企业和投资者所关注。本文借助Black-Scholes定价模型研究定价理论,对Black-Scholes定价模型进行修正,体现了红利发放对可转换债券定价的影响。     

基于B-S期权定价模型的可转换债券定价实证分析

可转换债券是一种混合金融衍生工具,它把相应的股票看涨期权内嵌在传统的公司债券之中,具有债券和股票的双重性质,因而可转债的定价问题逐渐为企业和投资者所关注。本文借助Black—Scholes定价模型研究定价理论,对Black-Scholes定价模型进行修正,体现了红利发放对可转换债券定价的影响。     

试论可转换债券的评估

本文从分析可转换债券的价值构成入手,提出了评估可转换债券的思路,即可转换债券的价值应由纯债券价值及期权价值共同构成,在评估期权价值时,引入国际公认的Black-Scholes定价模型,并对该模型在我国使用的前提条件、限制因素以及计算结果的调整进行了简单的分析,试图从理论上描绘可转换债券的评估方法。     

可转换债券风险价值衡量及影响因素分析

可转换债券的价值包括债券价值和期权价值两部分,而短期内债券价值保持稳定,可转换债券价值的波动仅取决于期权部分价值的波动。本文借助期权价值与发行公司股票价格的关系,将风险价值的概念应用到可转换债券风险的度量之中,并利用蒙特卡罗模拟法计算出招行转债的风险价值,最后通过建立计量经济学模型,对可转换债券风险价值的影响因素进行了分析。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.