循环经济和闭环供应链理论

资源枯竭预期和环境污染的日益严重,已经成为限制我国经济和社会发展的瓶颈之一,我国企业发展产品回收和再制造需求增强。另一方面闭环供应链理论逐渐走向成熟,本文简要介绍了闭环供应链理论及目前的研究状况。     

循环经济和闭环供应链理论

资源枯竭预期和环境污染的日益严重,已经成为限制我国经济和社会发展的瓶颈之一,我国企业发展产品回收和再制造需求增强.另一方面闭环供应链理论逐渐走向成熟,本文简要介绍了闭环供应链理论及目前的研究状况.     

突发事件风险下考虑企业社会责任的闭环供应链决策

基于突发事件风险概率小、后果大的特点,考虑企业社会责任的闭环供应链应对突发事件风险中再制造成本扰动风险的优化决策。结果表明：当再制造成本扰动较小时,不需要调整闭环供应链的生产计划,反之则需要调整生产计划;若再制造成本扰动值增大,则需提高最优零售价并减少最优产量;若再制造成本扰动量绝对值增大,则需降低最优零售价格并增加最优产量。关注CSR的水平越高,最优的批发价格和最优的零售价反而会降低。最优的回收利用率、最优的产量及整个链条的总利润与CSR水平呈正相关。若再制造成本扰动值较小,零售商回收模式更加合适,而若扰动值超过一定值则应该选择制造商回收模式。     

基于第三方物流的汽车产品回收网络设计

针对汽车产品的回收,建立了一个由第三方物流参与的逆向物流网络,包含消费区域、存储中心、拆卸／再制造工厂和再分销市场四层。以总成本最小和对环境的影响最小为目标,建立了混合整数规划模型,以确定回收网络中各种设施的位置和数量,并通过算例,利用LING011．0求解,验证了模型的有效性和可行性。     

供应链环境下分销渠道中的冲突管理

本文运用系统整合思想,从供应链管理的环境以及分销渠道中各主要成员的关系入手,从理论上对分销渠道管理中的冲突进行分析,进而通过建立博弈模型对我国企业分销渠道存在的现状进行解释,并引入激励机制对改进现有约束机制提供分析和建议.     

两阶段闭环供应链制造商直销渠道入侵策略研究

运用博弈方法构建由单个制造商和单个零售商组成的两阶段供应链模型,研究有无再制造情形下制造商直销渠道的入侵策略和入侵时机问题。结果表明：无再制造情形下,在渠道竞争较弱且入侵将平分市场时,制造商不会开通直销渠道,否则会选择在第一阶段开通直销渠道;再制造情形下,在渠道竞争较弱且入侵将平分市场时制造商同样不会开通直销渠道,但竞争较弱且零售渠道占比较大时会选择在第二阶段开通直销渠道,否则其会在第一阶段开通直销渠道;无论是否进行再制造,制造商的渠道入侵都可能会损害零售商的利润,但是在竞争较强且零售渠道占比较大时渠道入侵却能使制造商和零售商均获益,且再制造情形下实现共赢的可能性更大。     

再制造逆向物流网络设计的多目标优化模型

逆向物流是物流领域的新视野,它不仅强调对废旧品的回收利用,更强调实现节约资源、保护环境和增强竞争力等目标.针对再制造逆向物流网络设计问题,在考虑废旧产品回收数量不确定的情况下,基于混合整数规划方法,建立了一个多目标的再制造逆向物流网络优化设计模型.模型以最小化网络设施总建设费用和最小化所建设施对居民产生的负效用为目标,...     

基于逆向物流中再制造产品回收价格研究

逆向物流和再制造系统最重要的特性就是回收的不确定性,包括回收产品数量和质量的不确定性。而回收量的大小和质量都受到回收价格的直接影响,因此解决好逆向物流中回收物的定价问题,将是解决好逆向物流回收量的重要方法。本文通过对零售商和消费者之间回收价格模型的研究,找出合作博弈和非合作博弈下回收价格的均衡解,并对其进行比较,提出相应的解决方法。     

废旧产品联合回收模式的经济性分析

废旧产品的回收是逆向物流作业中的第一步,直接影响着制造企业的再制造输入来源.不同的制造企业应该根据自身发展特点选择适合的回收模式,既可以由制造企业主导回收活动,也可以与逆向供应链上的其他成员共同回收,这就形成了回收模式的多样化.由逆向供应链成员共同参与回收的模式主要包括零售商-第三方回收商联合回收、制造商-零售商联合回...     

现代企业分销渠道构建研究

本文主要从我国企业分销渠道的现状出发,重点分析了分销渠道的模式选择、分销渠道的设计,以及分销渠道的维护、调整与创新方向.     

我国农产品价格波动的影响因素分析

本文从近年来我国农产品价格波动的特点m发,从理论上剖析市场供需、成本、国际农产品价格对农产品价格波动的影响,并选取近十年数据进行实证分析。研究发现,农产品价格自身和国际农产品价格对我国农产品价格波动的贡献率大、影响显著,通货膨胀和货币供应量的贡献率比较小、成本影响较为复杂。在此基础上．本文对稳定农产品价格、规避农产品价格风险提出了具体建议。     

Mortgage Fund Flows, Capital Appreciation, and Real Estate Cycles

This paper provides strong evidence for a positive feedback loop between property prices and mortgage supply, using data from the U.S. commercial property and mortgage markets over the 1991 to 2011 period. The empirical analyses control for the endogeneity of property prices, mortgage flows, mortgage interest rates, and loan to value ratios, and provide two main findings. First, exogenous increases in mortgage supply, measured with the growth of the CMBS market, significantly reduce property cap rates. Second, volatility of past price changes and the “biggest loss” in property values in the past significantly affect mortgage supply. This positive feedback loop may be an important driving force for real estate cycles.     

金融危机对世界农业的影响及启示

金融危机对世界农业的影响最终体现在农产品价格变化上。从短期来看,表现为国际大宗农产品价格高位回落。从长期来看,金融危机将对农产品的需求、供给和贸易产生进一步影响,而且有可能导致新一轮的农产品供需矛盾出现,世界农产品价格可能再次大幅上升。因此,我国要千方百计保证主要农产品有效供应,以减小金融危机对我国农业的影响。     

Price Volatility of Commercial and Residential Property

This article studies the relative volatility of commercial and residential property prices. Empirical evidence of commercial property prices being more volatile than the prices of residential property is presented. Models are built following that of Lucas. Theoretical statements are derived to show the exact conditions under which the observations arise. The cases of fixed supply and flexible supply are considered separately.     

Simulación de la tasa de reciclaje de productos electrónicos Un modelo de dinámica de sistemas para la red de logística inversa

Current trends in the development and innovation of information technologies and shorter life cycles of electronic products have resulted in the generation of large amounts of waste (e-waste) which can potentially cause environmental problems due to the toxicity of some of their components. The e-waste problematic has attracted the attention of governments, companies and consumers that look to identify strategies for the management and proper disposal of e-waste with the goal to protect the environment. This work uses the methodology of system dynamics to simulate how the rate of products returned by individuals and the amount of computers recovered in an open-loop reverse supply chain, varies under different scenarios. The simulated scenarios correspond to the possible combinations of five macro factors: rate of innovation and product life cycle, information available to consumers about e-waste recycling, legislation, e-waste programs structure along with diffusion and publicity efforts. The results of the simulation are relevant to identify over which factors it is convenient to intervene to increase the amount of recycled computers because this amount represents a reduction in the volume of e-waste and an enterprise opportunity to generate earnings from recycling computers.     

Real exchange rates and nontradables: A relative price approach

In this paper, we study long-run comovements of real exchange rates and relative prices of nontradables and tradables. This approach is complementary to many existing approaches to investigating real exchange rate movements. In many theoretical models of exchange rate determination, the relative prices of nontradables and tradables are linked to the real exchange rates by identities. However, they do not necessarily move with real exchange rates in reality because of many factors. For example, many tradables contain nontradable components in the form of retailing services, so that Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) may not hold for these tradable goods even in the long run. Hence real exchange rates may not move in the direction predicted by theoretical models when the producers of these tradable goods experience changes in productivity. In this paper, we identify time periods, countries and relative price measures for which comovements between real exchange rates and relative prices of nontradables and tradables are observed.     

Retail investor information demand – speculating and investing in structured products

We study the impact of retail investor information demand on trading in bank-issued investment and leverage structured products, which are specifically designed for retail investors. Stock-specific information demand positively predicts speculative trading activity. Furthermore, we find a positive relationship between market-wide information demand and order aggressiveness and order uncertainty for speculating and investing activity. Whereas information supply is associated with speculative long positions, information demand does not induce investors to be predominantly long or short. Finally, we do not find retail investor information demand to contribute to an upward price pressure on security prices. In contrast, information supply exerts negative price pressure. Overall, retail investor trading in individual stocks is much more strongly influenced by market-wide information demand instead of firm-specific information demand. This implies a low informational efficiency of retail investor speculation and investing activity.     

Colluding through suppliers

This article investigates downstream firms’ ability to collude in a repeated game of competition between supply chains. We show that downstream firms with buyer power can collude more easily in the output market if they also collude on their input supply contracts. More specifically, an implicit agreement on input supply contracts with above‐cost wholesale prices and negative fixed fees (that is, slotting fees) facilitates collusion on downstream prices. Banning information exchange about wholesale prices decreases the scope for collusion. Moreover, high downstream prices are more difficult to sustain if upstream rather than downstream firms make contract offers.