旧水泥混凝土路面考虑接(裂)缝沥青加铺层应力分析

在旧水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青面层,由于混凝土路面有接(裂)缝,对沥青加铺层的受力状态不利.在接(裂)缝两侧因荷载和温度的共I司作用产生水平和竖向的相对位移,使沥青面层出现反射裂缝而损坏.因此,正确分析旧水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青面层后的应力状态,找出对加铺层应力影响较大的因素,在设计中给与重点考虑具有很好的现实意义.     

刍议混凝土路面加铺沥青面层反射裂缝的防治

旧水泥混凝土路面改造加铺沥青面层近年来得到广泛的应用,但旧水泥砼路面反射裂缝的防治问题是旧路改造成败的关键问题之一,本文在工程实践的基础上对沥青混合料加铺层反射裂缝的各种防治措施进行初浅的探讨.     

路面改造中对路面加铺方案设计的探讨

对水泥混凝土路面进行加铺改建通常有加铺水泥混凝土面层和加铺沥青面层。在旧水泥混凝土路面上加铺沥青面层有如反射裂缝等技术难题，但由加铺沥青面层具有施工速度快、开放交通早、对交通干扰少等许多优点，水泥路而卜加台仃沥青而层越来越为许多设计者的优先选择方案。     

浅析“白+黑”水泥混凝土路面改造方案

文章针对省道207线威远段公路在水泥混凝土路面上加铺沥青面层的旧路路况调查、病害处理、减少反射裂缝、沥青面层的设计等方面，介绍了如何防止和减少沥青路面出现反射裂缝等早期病害.     

浅谈沥青路面反射裂缝的防治措施

目前,我国高等级公路多采用半刚性基层,半刖性基层温缩和干缩开裂引起沥青路面产生反射裂缝.另外,在已开裂的旧沥青、旧水泥混凝土路面层上加铺沥青面层,由于温度的变化(降低),老路面的裂缝继续扩展,也易引起沥青路面产生反射裂缝.反射裂缝的出现会大大地缩短沥青混凝土路面的使用寿命.本文简要分析反射裂缝产生的原因以及防治措施.     

旧水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青路面施工质量控制分析

城市道路水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青混凝土质量控制是一项牵涉面广、影响因素多的课题.在施工质量控制过程中主要牵涉到原路面的处理、反射裂缝的防治、加铺层施工质量控制等等.本文就如何有效进行旧水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青混凝土面层施工质量的控制谈一些看法.     

反射裂缝对沥青混凝土面层影响的解决方法

沥青混凝土面层是直接承受行车荷载作用和大气降水、温度变化影响的路面结构层，具有足够的结构强度，良好的温度稳定性、耐磨、抗滑、平整和不透水性。与此同时，反射裂缝已成为半刚性基层沥青混凝土路面和在旧水泥混凝土路面上加铺沥青混凝土面层的主要质量通病。下面将对其如何影响沥青混凝土面层及通过施工工艺与材料的改进来减少反射裂缝对沥青面层的影响，最大限度地减少沥青路面的反射裂缝进行论述。     

探讨水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青路面的施工技术

旧水泥混凝土路面碎石化之后加铺沥青路面有利于解决反射裂缝问题.在补强处理后旧水泥混凝土路面上加铺玻璃纤维格栅是防止反射裂缝的有效措施.     

刚性路面罩面工程结构与施工工艺

本文结合莱公路旧路改造实例,对在水泥混凝土路面上加铺沥青罩面层的旧路的路况调查、痛害处理、沥青面层的设计、减少反射裂缝的措施及施工工艺的控制等方面进行阐述,介绍了如何减少和防止沥青路面出现反射裂缝、车辙、水损害等早期病害.     

应力吸收层抗裂效果分析

在旧水泥混凝土表面设置橡胶沥青应力吸收层后，沥青面层中的剪应力显著减小；随着温度的降低，橡胶沥青应力吸收层底部首先产生一定的损失，而且损伤值和损伤深度逐渐增大，随着温度的降低，沥青面层底部开始产生损伤，而且损伤值和损伤深度逐渐增大.应力吸收层抗裂结构可以有效地防止旧水泥路面加铺沥青面层这种路面结构产生的由于车辆偏荷载引起的剪切型反射裂缝.     

兵团小城镇生态经济系统可持续发展问题探讨

新疆生产建设兵团（以下简称兵团）作为我国唯一的党政军企合一的特殊组织，肩负着屯垦戍边的历史使命，其小城镇建设既是社会经济发展的必然趋势，也是促进兵团经济、社会持续稳定协调发展的需要。由于特殊的地理环境、特定体制和管理机制，兵团小城镇有其特殊的生态系统和经济系统，其运行中也存在一系列的特殊矛盾和问题，制约着小城镇的发展和功能的发挥。如何将兵团小城镇生态经济系统的不可持续发展转变为可持续发展．本论文依据兵团小城镇生态经济系统的特点、运行的状况及存在的主要问题，对其进行了探讨，提出了兵团小城镇生态经济系统可持续发展的准则和策略。     

A cost evaluation of treatment alternatives in mild-to-moderate bleeding episodes in haemophilia patients with inhibitors in Turkey

Summary

A decision-analysis model was constructed to assess total direct health care costs of four current first-line treatment options for mild-to-moderate bleeding episodes in haemophilia patients with inhibitors in Turkey: recombinant activated Factor VII (rFVIIa); high-dose Factor VIII; prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC); and activated PCC (aPCC). Resource utilisation was based on a retrospective analysis of 105 bleeding episodes treated during the period January 1996 to December 2002. Clinical outcomes were derived from a combination of the retrospective patient data and literature review, both validated by an expert panel of Turkish haematologists. rFVIIa was more effective and resolved bleeds more quickly than any of the alternatives. rFVIIa and PCC were associated with similar direct treatment costs that were relatively lower than those compared with the other options. Given the better efficacy, rFVIIa should be considered the preferred treatment option in the management of haemophilia patients with inhibitors in Turkey.     

HOW GREEN IS YOUR CAMPUS? AN ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS THAT DRIVE UNIVERSITIES TO EMBRACE SUSTAINABILITY

I examine the factors that influence the adoption of sustainable practices by institutions of higher education (IHEs) in the United States. Using data from the Sustainable Endowments Institute, I conduct an ordered probit analysis on 180 IHEs. The results show that size and wealth are significant factors in the adoption of sustainable practices and that stakeholders such as faculty, alumni, and the surrounding community also play an important role. I find no evidence that institutions adopt sustainability to attract students. Also, in contrast to the findings of similar studies on for‐profit entities, there is no evidence that regulatory pressures encourage campus sustainability. I also examine the factors that affect the institutions' decision to sign the Presidents Climate Commitment (PCC), a largely symbolic gesture. The results for the PCC are quite different than those for overall sustainability. Most importantly, neither wealth nor size are significant factors in that decision. (JEL Q2, L3)     

徐州市生态经济系统的能值分析

本文应用能值理论．对徐州地区生态经济系统进行了分析．主要涉及能值投入率、能值使用强度（能值密度）、人均能值使用量、人口承载力、电力能值使用量比、能值一货币比、环境负荷率、净能值产出率、可持续发展指数等9个指标及其发展趋势，并与其他国家和地区的有关指标进行了比较研究。结论表明，徐州市是资源输出型的生态经济区域，经济发展仍处于欠发达阶段．还有较大的经济发展潜力。     

A Merchant Mechanism for Electricity Transmission Expansion

We propose a merchant mechanism to expand electricity transmission based on long-term financial transmission rights (FTRs). Due to network loop flows, a change in network capacity might imply negative externalities on existing transmission property rights. The system operator thus needs a protocol for awarding incremental FTRs that maximize investors’ preferences, and preserves certain currently unallocated FTRs (or proxy awards) so as to maintain revenue adequacy. In this paper we define a proxy award as the best use of the current network along the same direction as the incremental awards. We then develop a bi-level programming model for allocation of long-term FTRs according to this rule and apply it to different network topologies. We find that simultaneous feasibility for a transmission expansion project crucially depends on the investor-preference and the proxy-preference parameters. Likewise, for a given amount of pre-existing FTRs the larger the current capacity the greater the need to reserve some FTRs for possible negative externalities generated by the expansion changes.     

Time of the essence

In most industries, ranging from information systems development to construction, an overwhelming proportion of projects are delayed beyond estimated completion time. This fact constitutes somewhat of a puzzle for existing theory. The present paper studies project delays and optimal contracts under moral hazard in a setting with time to build. Within this setup, project delays are found to be most likely to happen at early stages of development and intimately connected to the degree of commitment of the procurer and the class of contracts that can be enforced. The first-best, optimal spot contracting and optimal long-term contract scenarios are analyzed, as well as commonly encountered additional constraints on the long-term contract.     

路径依赖视角下管理创新机理研究———以浙江移动渠道模式创新为例简

基于路径依赖相关概念和理论,对浙江移动“三直”模式创新事件及2001-2011年期间的渠道模式演变过程进行了探索性案例研究.得出如下结论：从单一事件的视角来看,管理创新经历了“旧模式锁定识别—新模式创新—新模式自我强化”的过程,跨越了新旧两种管理模式;从组织管理模式长期演变的视角来看,管理创新是实现新旧管理模式反复更替及管理效益提升的根本.     

战略性企业社会责任概念界定与动因分析

本研究认为,战略性企业社会责任可以界定为慈善类社会责任的一种,即企业将善举视为有利于改善企业长期利润和发展的社会责任管理理念和实践。其产生的根本动因是为了保护股东利益的长期最大化,但因长期利益很难量化或验证,所以其驱动力有限。认真研究相关问题,如概念界定、产生动因、存在的问题与未来发展等,对当代中国企业正确认识和管理企业社会责任具有重要的启示意义。     

Endogenous uncertainty in a general equilibrium model with price contingent contracts

Summary This paper views uncertainty and economic fluctuations as being primarily endogenous and internally propagated phenomena. The most important Endogenous Uncertainty examined in this paper is price uncertainty which arises when agents do not have structural knowledge and are complelled to make decisions on the basis of their beliefs. We assume that agents adopt Rational Beliefs as in Kurz [1994a]. The trading of endogenous uncertainty is accomplished by using Price Contingent Contracts (PCC) rather than the Arrow-Debreu state contingent contracts. The paper provides a full construction of the price state space which requires the expansion of the exogenous state space to include the state of beliefs. This construction is central to the analysis of equilibrium with endogenous uncertainty and the paper provides an existence theorem for a Rational Belief Equilibrium with PCC. It shows how the PCC completes the markets for trading endogenous uncertainty and lead to an allocation which is Pareto optimal. This paper also demonstrates that endogenous uncertainty is generically present in this new equilibrium.This research was supported in part by the Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei of Milan, Italy, and by the National Science Council of Taiwan. The authors thank Carsten K. Nielsen for valuable suggestions.     

“西为中用·顺势利导”——生态雨水机埠 与合流制特点的老旧城区海绵改造

以常德市柏子园汇水片区为例，运用水力模型工 具，探讨在老城区现有末端生态雨水机埠情形下，通过优化设 置低影响开发(LID)设施和管网改造工程，从源头解决机埠合 流制溢流(CSO)污染的效果和可行性。根据棚户区较多、绿 地率少、土壤渗透性差、项目实施难度大等情况，进行项目方 案布置和LID措施选择；根据现状管网特征，进行近远期管网 改造方案和源头截流措施选择。采用典型年降雨数据进行连续 模拟，分析评估在老旧城区增设源头控制设施和中途管网改造 对既定末端机埠溢流水量及溢流频次的控制效果，并通过情景 方案比选，得出在现有土地使用条件下的最优海绵改造方案， 以期为类似合流制特点的区域提供参考和借鉴。