Assessing the technological innovation efficiency of China's high-tech industries with a two-stage network DEA approach

As significant strategic players in China's economy, high-tech industries need to evaluate and analyze the technological innovation activities from a system point of view to understand and improve their technological innovation efficiency and, thereby, promote their development. Different high-tech industries have different characteristics and thus benefit from different industrial development policies. However, few studies to date have discussed this issue from a systematic perspective. In this study, technological innovation activities are divided into a research and development (R&D) stage and a commercialization stage. A high-tech industrial evaluation framework of technological innovation efficiency based on two-stage network data envelopment analysis (DEA) is constructed with shared inputs, additional intermediate inputs, and free intermediate outputs. Our empirical results indicate that the overall efficiency of most industries is relatively low and the differences between the five high-tech industries (i.e., sub-sectors) we examined are large. The Spearman correlation shows that overall efficiency and R&D efficiency are more correlated than overall efficiency and commercialization efficiency. Additionally, R&D has better average efficiency. The sub-sector with the highest average efficiency is computers and office equipment, and the one with the lowest average efficiency is medicines. These findings indicate the inadequacy but potential for breakthroughs in the evolution of high-tech industries in China. The analysis proves that it is necessary to create different industrial policies to encourage effective progress in certain high-tech industries, and some guidelines for doing so are provided.     

高新技术园区核心人才流失的影响因素及对策分析——以武汉市为例

科技是高校技术园区发展的第一推动力,而科技人才,特别是核心科技人才则是高新技术企业创新的主体和依靠力量。因此,把高新技术园区建设成核心人才栖息地和创新创业人才高地具有重要意义。文章以武汉市高新技术园区核心人才的流失为例,通过调查研究法和个案研究法,指出了高新技术企业核心人才流失的主要影响因素,并从留住本土人才、完善人才政策、提高企业核心人才管理水平、鼓励核心人才参与地区公共事务等方面有针对性的提出了解决核心人才流失的应对之策。     

创新驱动发展战略下中国制造业成本动因拓展研究——基于研发投入的视角

创新驱动发展战略下,企业需要更多的研发(现代成本动因)投入促进创新,然而创新的高风险性导致市场失灵,因此需要政策支持,引导创新投入。通过统计性描述或实证研究发现,税收优惠政策比会计政策更能引导企业创新投入(尤其是民营企业,而创新战略实施后国有企业创新投资增长速度更快),也促进企业完善相关会计数据;会计政策和数据的完善对考察税收政策的执行起了重要支持作用。研发费用加计扣除政策比所得税税率优惠更能促进高新技术企业研发投入,且促使其更偏向研发支出费用化处理。处于成长期的高新技术企业更偏向研发支出资本化处理,处于成熟期的高新技术企业更偏向研发支出费用化处理。盈利比负债更能促使高新技术企业研发投入。     

The role of equity financing to support entrepreneurship in Asia—The experience of Singapore and Thailand

This paper is concerned with the role of equity financing to support entrepreneurship in Asia with a particular focus on venture capital (VC) financing policies of Singapore and Thailand. Although Singapore and Thailand adopt the government intervention approach in VC financing, the analysis has shown that Singapore is more successful due to effective use of innovation financing policies in the catch-up process to develop its economy and strong network linkages with US Silicon Valley. The case of Thailand has shown poor network linkages with redundant organizations/agencies competing on offering similar innovation financing schemes. The study offers effective innovation financing policy recommendations to support the national economic development. The research provides useful insights and lessons for other economies aimed at strengthening the entrepreneurial financing system.     

安徽省高新技术产业自主创新能力灰色多层次综合评价研究

通过对产业自主创新和自主创新能力的界定,结合高新技术产业的特点,构建了高新技术产业自主创新能力评价指标体系。应用灰色系统理论对安徽省2006年高新技术产业的自主创新能力进行评价,分析出安徽省高新技术产业中各产业的自主创新能力的强弱,从而为提高高新技术产业自主创新能力提供决策参考。     

Reprint of "Performance evaluation of China's high-tech innovation process :Analysis based on the innovation value chain"

The Chinese high-tech industry has developed greatly since the beginning of China's “National High-tech R&D (863) Program” and “China Torch Program”. This paper introduces a conceptual model extended from the innovation value chain model to simultaneously estimate the R&D and commercialization efficiencies for the high-tech industries of 29 provincial-level regions in China. To match reality, a network DEA incorporating both shared inputs and additional intermediate inputs is constructed to open the “black box” view of decision making units used in single-stage DEA. This study is the first attempt to link the R&D and commercialization with a solid theoretical foundation and feasible mathematical methods. The empirical findings show that most of the 29 regions have low efficiency in the commercialization sub-process compared to the R&D sub-process, although there are regional differences in China's high-tech industry. Pearson correlation shows that the R&D sub-process is not closely correlated to the commercialization sub-process in terms of efficiency. Our analysis can provide information for the formulation of policies to achieve high innovation efficiency.     

税收优惠政策能否激励中国企业创新？——基于创新链视角的探究

选取2007—2019年中国上市公司的面板数据，从创新链视角探究税收优惠政策如何激励中国企业自主创新。研究发现，税收优惠政策对企业创新链的投入、产出以及效率环节均有显著激励作用。通过更换估计模型、构建工具变量等稳健性检验后，研究结论依然成立。异质性分析发现，税收优惠政策在创新投入端对非国企研发资金投入激励效果更强，对于国有企业研发人员投入以及企业创新链产出端激励效果更强；对于处于高技术行业的企业，税收优惠政策在企业创新链各个环节的激励作用都比非高技术行业企业更强。研究为企业创新决策、优化税收优惠政策增加了新的认知，为实施创新驱动发展战略提供了有益启示。     

面向创新型经济的高新区自主创新模式架构

基于"创新链"视角,从知识创新、技术创新、制度创新和产业创新四个相互协作的模块构建面向创新型经济的高新区自主创新模式以及运行机制。最后,以镇江高新区为例进行了探索分析,以期为所有高新区的转型发展提供参考价值。     

高新技术产业发展中政策支持的需求研究——以大连市软件服务业为对象的案例分析

在梳理实践与理论中政府支持高新技术发展的主要政策、手段的基础上,本文对大连市六家处于不同产业发展阶段的软件高新技术企业进行调研和案例分析,以期了解高新技术企业在发展的各阶段的实际需求和对政策支持手段的具体要求。本研究将高新技术产业发展阶段分为种子期、导入期、成长期、成熟期,并归纳总结出各阶段对财政直接投入、税收优惠、政府采购、金融支持、非财政支持等政策和手段的需要,以及对各项政府政策支持的具体要求。     

高新技术企业自主创新的动力机制研究

高新技术企业是发展高新技术产业的重要基础,是调整产业结构与提高国家竞争力的生力军,在我国经济发展中占有十分重要的战略地位。文章分析了高新技术企业自主创新的内涵及动因,讨论了在诸多动因的带动下高新技术企业进行自主创新所产生的基本行为。     

Performance evaluation of China's high-tech innovation process: Analysis based on the innovation value chain

The Chinese high-tech industry has developed greatly since the beginning of China's “National High-tech R&D (863) Program” and “China Torch Program”. This paper introduces a conceptual model extended from the innovation value chain model to simultaneously estimate the R&D and commercialization efficiencies for the high-tech industries of 29 provincial-level regions in China. To match reality, a network DEA incorporating both shared inputs and additional intermediate inputs is constructed to open the “black box” view of decision making units used in single-stage DEA. This study is the first attempt to link the R&D and commercialization with a solid theoretical foundation and feasible mathematical methods. The empirical findings show that most of the 29 regions have low efficiency in the commercialization sub-process compared to the R&D sub-process, although there are regional differences in China's high-tech industry. Pearson correlation shows that the R&D sub-process is not closely correlated to the commercialization sub-process in terms of efficiency. Our analysis can provide information for the formulation of policies to achieve high innovation efficiency.     

加快科技金融体系建设 推进柳州国家高新区 经济发展方式转变和高新技术产业发展

"十二五"规划指出,我国要加快经济发展方式转变和大力发展战略性新兴产业。国家高新区是高新技术产业的集聚区,也是发展战略性新兴产业的重要载体和平台。柳州国家高新区是柳州乃至广西经济发展与创新的中坚力量,在"十一五"期间取得了巨大的成绩。然而,柳州国家高新区在"十二五"期间面临科技金融体系不完善,制约其高新技术产业规模化发展的问题。文章分析了柳州国家高新区高新技术产业的发展现状以及科技金融投入与创新的情况,提出了加快和完善科技金融体系建设的举措,推进柳州国家高新区高新技术产业全面发展的建议。     

鄱阳湖生态经济区高新技术企业发展特点与对策分析

根据最新的统计数据,鄱阳湖生态经济区高新技术产业基本形成以新材料与光机电一体化、电子与信息、生物与医药为主的产业集群,但收入超亿元的企业只有80家,规模企业相对较少;企业的自主创新能力不断增强,但低碳与生态特色的企业偏少,技术主要还是依赖进口。为促进鄱阳湖生态经济区高新企业进一步发展,本文最后提出了大力提升鄱阳湖生态经济区科技创新水平、着力培育一批具有低碳生态特色的高新技术龙头企业、加强政府的宏观引导、提升鄱阳湖生态经济区高新技术产业各项发展政策的支持力度等对策建议。     

我国中小企业技术创新模式的选择——AHP分析

企业要在日益激烈的竞争环境中发展,技术创新是必不可少的。文章在分析现阶段我国中小企业技术创新劣势的基础上,运用AHP分析比较了模仿创新、自主创新及合作创新三种创新模式,得出目前我国中小型企业应当以模仿创新和合作创新为主,不断地积累资金和高技术人才,最终实现自主创新的飞跃。     

Innovation,agile project management and firm performance in a public sector-dominated economy: Empirical evidence from high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises in China

While agile project management has become increasingly important for high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), firm performance varies greatly due to companies’ different degrees of innovation capability and internal and external environmental dynamics. Drawing on the resource-based view – as well as innovation capability and agile project management theories – a comparative analysis was conducted of two high-tech SMEs. The results were used to develop a theoretical model based on six hypotheses. Empirical research was carried out that included measurement of key variables, data collection and analysis, validity and reliability tests, regression analysis, and structural equation modeling, which confirmed five of the six initial hypotheses. The proposed model incorporates different innovation capability roles, considers project agility enhancement of firm performance, and takes into account interactions between companies’ innovation atmosphere and environmental dynamics in a public sector-dominated economy (i.e., China). The results contribute to project agility management’s theoretical development and refinement by presenting new findings on innovation and environmental dynamics. The results also provide guidelines for project agility practices in high-tech SMEs in China, with the potential to improve these firms’ performance. Implications and limitations are also discussed.     

Strategies for Introducing Organizational Innovation to Public Service Organizations

As social systems, organizations need to ensure connectivity between established and deviant communication streams to accomplish organizational innovation. This article explores elements and systemic strategies of connectivity formation for the introduction of an organizational innovation such as the concept of crowd innovation in the public sector. For public administrations, crowd innovation represents an organizational innovation since it implies broad participation and the integration of external ideas, and thus often opposes prevalent organizational structures. Our findings contribute to the knowledge on systemic innovation management and suggest that public managers can enhance connectivity formation by addressing semantics, routines, practices, roles, and redundancies.     

高科技中小企业集群知识扩散模型构建及阶段分析

知识扩散是一个经历知识形成、知识溢出、知识吸收、知识再造和新知识形成的螺旋式上升循环过程。本文构建了高科技中小企业集群知识扩散模型,重点研究了知识溢出、知识吸收和知识创新三个阶段的影响因素。知识溢出阶段的主要影响因素有空间距离、知识型员工的聚集和流动、市场结构和社会网络;知识吸收阶段的主要影响因素有企业的研发活动、企业的学习文化、企业对新知识的敏感度、企业对知识的接受能力以及集群学习机制;知识创新阶段的主要影响因素有知识创新的主体、多元化社会资本和基础设施。     

技术复杂度对合作创新绩效的影响分析

论文以上市高科技民营企业为样本,分析合作背景下技术复杂度的两个维度对合作创新绩效的影响,并考察高管团队特征在其中的调节作用。研究结果表明:技术复杂度的两个维度与企业合作创新绩效呈倒U型关系。根据实证结果,我国高科技企业应该充分利用自身的资源和能力,通过更大范围的合作增强创新能力。     

Mapping the innovation production process from accumulative advantage to economic outcomes: A path modeling approach

The research about the innovation production process (IPP) is burgeoning. Our understanding of the interdependent interactions between functionally distinct innovation activities during it from a systemic perspective is rather unclear, yet, which is beneficial to empirical innovation management. This study, based on systems thinking, presents a novel analytical framework to empirically and quantitatively map the IPP jointly associated with a path modeling approach, which helps in untangling the interactive mechanism between stage-specific innovation activities with distinct functions within an IPP from accumulative advantage to economic outcomes. We use the attractive analytical framework to guide an empirical investigation to the China's high-tech industries' IPP at the macro-regional level. Our empirical study confirms the dominant role of previous innovation capital accumulation in the whole IPP embedded into regional innovation systems of China's high-tech industries. That is, we prove the existence of accumulative advantage phenomenon in the regional IPP. The examination results show that there is a significant Matthew effect of technological innovation accumulation on technological innovation inputs as well as the Path dependence of technological innovation outputs/outcomes on technological innovation accumulation. This indicates that the innovation-practitioners should promote innovation capital accumulation for sustainable innovations and economic profits in a long time. At the same time, our findings suggest that, in order to alleviate the cross-regional unbalance of innovation development and promote radial innovations in China's high-tech industries, both policy-makers and innovation-practitioners should try to get rid of the dependence on the previous accumulated innovation capital.     

Innovation resources integration pattern in high-tech entrepreneurial enterprises

This paper discusses the innovation resource intergration pattern of high-tech entrepreneurial enterprises formed through integration of internal and external innovation resources in the face of demand change and continuous competition. The study finds that the core of the high-tech entrepreneurial enterprise’ sustainable growth is the effective integration of internal and external innovation resources, and the effective pattern of innovation resource integration is group polymerisation and chain integration. These two innovation resource integration pattern either substantiates the traditional theory of innovation resource integration and offers a guidance for growth practices of high-tech entrepreneurial enterprises in China.