跨界搜索均衡对企业创新绩效的影响——战略柔性的调节作用

将组织均衡理论引入跨界搜索研究,构建了跨界搜索均衡对企业创新绩效影响的理论框架,实证考察了跨界搜索的匹配均衡、联合均衡及其交互作用对企业创新绩效的影响,以及战略柔性对上述影响的调节作用。基于192家高新技术企业的问卷调查数据进行实证研究。结果表明:跨界搜索的匹配均衡和联合均衡对企业创新绩效有正向影响;跨界搜索的匹配均衡和联合均衡对企业创新绩效具有正向的交互作用;战略柔性正向调节跨界搜索均衡的两个维度与企业创新绩效的关系。     

战略导向对外部创新搜索策略的影响——基于港资企业的实证研究

从战略管理的视角出发,基于对东莞170家港资企业的调查数据,实证研究了两种最重要的战略导向——市场导向和创业导向对外部创新搜索宽度和深度的影响。研究发现:对于创新基础薄弱的港资企业,市场导向和创业导向对其外部创新搜索宽度策略选择和深度策略选择的影响方向没有差异,两种战略导向均要求企业增大外部创新搜索的宽度和深度。     

Search practices in the early phase of the innovation process and ambidexterity: testing a sample of high-tech companies

This paper investigates the relationship between the practices put in place by firms to search for local and distant knowledge, ambidexterity and firms’ performances; attention is then focused on analysing the antecedents and consequences of ambidexterity in the search phase of the innovation process. Structural equation modelling has been used in order to test these hypotheses in a sample of Italian high-tech companies. Results of the study show a positive impact of the practices used by firm to search for distant knowledge on both ambidexterity and firms’ performances as well. Implications of these results are discussed in the paper.     

开放性知识搜索对员工创新行为的影响—注意力分配的调节作用

研究将开放性知识搜索划分为搜索广度和搜索深度,深入探讨开放性知识搜索对员工创新行为的影响机制。通过对287名知识密集型企业员工的问卷进行分析,实证发现：搜索深度正向影响吸收能力,搜索广度与吸收能力间存在倒U型曲线关系;吸收能力正向影响员工创新行为,并且吸收能力分别中介了知识搜索广度、知识搜索深度与员工创新行为之间的关系。进一步地,注意力分配集中度正向调节搜索深度与吸收能力间关系。     

How open search strategies align with firms’ radical and incremental innovation: evidence from China

The purpose of this paper is to describe the ways in which open search strategies (i.e. open search breadth and open search depth) align with firms’ radical and incremental innovation. By analysing survey data collected from 162 firms in Chinese high-tech markets, we found that a firm pursuing radical innovation benefits more from open search breadth than open search depth to achieve its performance goals; in contrast, a firm processing incremental innovation benefits more from open search depth than open search breadth to improve its performance. Based on these results, managers should pay attention to the fit between open search strategies and radical/incremental innovation. This study not only contributes to the studies of search strategies by identifying the parallel relationship of open search strategies and two types of innovation, but also enriches the theory of open innovation with an empirical analysis.     

跨界搜寻如何促进企业管理创新——认知柔性与吸收能力的作用

跨界搜寻作为企业突破思维定式、激励创新的关键力量,得到学界越来越多的关注。同时,认知柔性作为推动企业成长的重要因素,在跨界搜寻促进管理创新过程中起承上启下的作用。因此,基于开放式创新理论,从跨界搜寻视角出发,对认知柔性与管理创新影响机理进行探讨,并收集287份样本数据进行实证研究。结果显示：科技驱动型与市场驱动型跨界搜寻对探索式和利用式管理创新均具有正向影响;认知柔性在跨界搜寻与管理创新间具有中介效应;吸收能力正向调节跨界搜寻与认知柔性的关系。     

领先顾客知识管理对产品不连续创新绩效的影响

基于技术采用生命周期的视角,构建了领先顾客知识管理对企业产品不连续创新绩效影响模型,研究了战略柔性在两者间影响关系中的中介作用。利用问卷调查数据实证检验了领先顾客知识管理、产品不连续创新以及战略柔性三者之间的关系。得出如下结论:领先顾客知识管理对产品不连续创新绩效存在正向影响;战略柔性在领先顾客知识管理对产品不连续创新绩效影响中起中介作用。     

Role of human resource practices in absorptive capacity and R&D cooperation

This paper reconceptualises absorptive capacity as a strategic human resource construct and analyses its role in determining R&D cooperation and innovation in firms. In spite of widespread consensus on the role of absorptive capacity in innovation, the literature has so far concentrated only on traditional R&D and human capital based indicators of absorptive capacity. Furthermore, most firm-level studies investigating this relationship are cross-sectional in nature and there is need for longitudinal evidence. Employing the IAB Establishment Panel Survey on about 1200 private sector establishments in Germany during 2007–2011, we apply a structural model that links firms’ human resource practices, R&D collaboration strategies and finally their innovation outcome. Findings from the first stage of the empirical analysis suggest that adoption of employment practices positively affects horizontal, institutional and consulting-based R&D cooperation, while compensation programs positively affect only horizontal R&D cooperation. In the second stage, the effect of cooperative R&D conditioned upon human resource practices on innovation performance is examined. Results indicate that firms having institutional and consulting-based R&D cooperation relationships are more often associated with higher incremental product, process and new-to-market innovation, whereas the effect is relatively weaker in case of horizontal R&D cooperation.     

The value contribution of strategic foresight: Insights from an empirical study of large European companies

This paper focuses on exploring the potential and empirically observable value creation of strategic foresight activities in firms. We first review the literature on strategic foresight, innovation management and strategic management in order to identify the potential value contributions. We use survey data from 77 large multinational firms to assess how much value is generated from formalized strategic foresight practices in these firms. We show that it is possible to capture value through (1) an enhanced capacity to perceive change, (2) an enhanced capacity to interpret and respond to change, (3) influencing other actors, (4) and through an enhanced capacity for organizational learning.     

外部知识搜索对制造企业技术创新的影响——知识协奏能力的中介作用与创新意愿的调节作用

知识是企业技术创新的基础，企业不仅要搜索外部知识，还应具备知识协奏能力。基于知识基础理论和资源协奏理论，将外部知识搜索分为搜索宽度和搜索深度两个维度，探讨二者对企业技术创新的影响，并研究知识协奏能力的中介作用和创新意愿的调节作用。结果表明，搜索宽度和搜索深度均对知识协奏能力有显著正向影响，知识协奏能力对企业技术创新有显著正向影响，且知识协奏能力分别在搜索宽度、搜索深度与企业技术创新之间起部分中介作用。此外，创新意愿在知识协奏能力与企业技术创新之间起调节作用。结论揭示了外部知识搜索对企业技术创新的内在作用机理，可为制造企业知识协奏能力和技术创新水平提升提供理论支持。     

战略联盟伙伴搜索、战略柔性与突破性创新的关系研究

战略联盟伙伴搜索打破了搜寻范围与知识结构对企业技术发展轨迹的束缚,是企业赢得竞争优势的重要来源。结合创新搜索理论和资源基础观,构建了战略联盟伙伴搜索、战略柔性与突破性创新的理论模型,研究发现:战略联盟伙伴搜索的不同维度对企业突破性创新均有显著正向影响;战略柔性对企业突破性创新有显著正向影响;战略柔性在战略联盟伙伴搜索和企业突破性创新之间起中介作用。     

跨界双元搜索对双元创新绩效的影响——知识合作链与战略柔性整合视角

跨界搜索能够完善企业知识储备，驱动企业创新发展。基于开放式创新理论、知识管理理论及动态能力理论，将知识合作链与战略柔性纳入跨界合作研究框架，构建并实证检验一个被调节的中介效应模型。结果表明：技术知识搜索对突破式创新绩效具有显著正向影响，市场知识搜索对渐进式创新绩效具有显著正向影响；企业跨界双元搜索显著正向影响知识合作链；知识融合、知识转化在跨界双元搜索与双元创新绩效之间具有显著链式中介作用；战略柔性正向调节双元搜索与知识合作链之间的关系。结论揭示了跨界双元搜索对双元创新绩效的作用机理，能够为企业突破跨界合作困境，促进知识交流，提高创新绩效提供理论指导。     

Choice and success of job search methods

Job seekers influence the arrival rate of job offers by the choice of search effort and the search methods they use. In this paper we empirically investigate the effect of different search methods on search outcomes. We use unique data on the search behavior of job seekers in Austria, which matches survey information with administrative records. We analyze the quality of job matches in terms of wages and job durations for employed and unemployed workers. We find that the public employment office specializes in the support of low quality workers. For them it is equally efficient as other search channels.     

Knowledge search modes and innovation performance: The moderating role of strategic R&D orientation

Prior studies implicitly assume that knowledge search modes are homogeneous, and little is known about the impacts of specific search modes on innovation. Drawing upon the knowledge search literature, we differentiate among four types of search modes and analyze their impacts on innovation performance. Moreover, we enrich the theoretical framework by recognising the moderating role of strategic R&D orientation in affecting the relationship between specific types of search modes and innovation performance. Using a unique dataset of 418 Chinese firms, we find that, except for inward licensing, value chain search, capital search, and industry-university-research institute collaboration (IUR collaboration) exert positive effects on innovation performance. Moreover, the empirical results indicate that a strategic R&D orientation amplifies the positive effects of value chain search and IUR collaboration while it mitigates the negative effect of inward licensing on innovation performance.     

董事责任保险、董事会治理与企业创新

董事责任险是企业治理领域的热点问题。基于2006-2015年我国沪深上市公司数据,实证检验董事责任险对企业创新的影响及其治理职能发挥路径。研究发现,董事责任险作为独立治理机制,对企业创新不具有显著影响;董事责任险治理职能被董事会特征激活,即二者间存在显著交互影响关系,说明董事责任险通过董事会特征等治理机制对企业创新产生影响;董事责任险的引入助长了企业机会主义行为,从而抑制了企业创新。     

Contagion effects of national innovative capacity: Comparing structural equivalence and cohesion models

The effective promotion of national innovation performance is a crucial component of national innovation policy. This study examines network contagion effects of national innovative capacity via the international diffusion of embodied and disembodied technology by two different social network models: the cohesion model, based on diffusion by direct communication, and the structural equivalence model, based on diffusion by network position similarity. This investigation then utilizes data of 42 countries during 1997 to 2002 to empirically examine their network relationship. The analytical results demonstrate that international technology diffusion influences national innovation performance through contagion effects, but that the international similarity of national innovative capacity performance is more accurately predicted by network position than by interactions with others; and this study result provides a new perspective for science and technology policy makers.     

Origins of knowledge and innovation in R&D alliances: a contingency approach

Innovative performance is influenced both by the origins of the existing knowledge that is combined to generate innovation and by how economic actors search for new knowledge. Drawing on a sample of inter-firm dyadic R&D alliances, we found that whereas the integration of geographically distant knowledge and of organisationally proximate knowledge in R&D alliances are negatively related to the alliance innovative performance, search span positively moderates both relationships. We conclude that, in order to make the most of broad-span searching, firms participating in R&D alliances should integrate geographically distant but organisationally proximate knowledge. By doing so, firms take advantage of the diversity and novelty that characterises geographically distant knowledge, while preserving considerable levels of relative absorptive capacity that are needed for them to understand, internalise, and effectively use partners’ knowledge from different domains.     

独占机制对创新绩效的影响:知识泄露与竞争对手吸收能力的调节效应

独占机制与知识泄露在企业创新活动中的重要作用日益受到关注。基于问卷调研数据,通过实证手段分析企业独占性机制对创新绩效的影响,及竞争对手吸收能力和知识泄露在其中的调节作用。研究发现：企业独占机制对创新绩效有显著正向影响,知识泄露和竞争对手吸收能力在企业独占性机制对创新绩效影响过程中分别起负向和正向调节作用。研究结论既可帮助企业重视独占机制和竞争对手吸收能力带来的创新效应,也可帮助企业通过有效规避或降低知识泄露风险提升创新绩效。     

质量管理实践、吸收能力与创新绩效——基于船舶企业智能制造视角

质量管理与创新绩效研究广受关注,却鲜有文献关注智能制造转型升级阶段两者之间的关系。引入吸收能力作为中介调节变量,将质量管理实践划分为基础和核心质量管理实践两个维度,并基于实际吸收能力和潜在吸收能力的调节作用,构建新的理论框架。在智能制造视角下,以192家中国船舶企业为例,应用SPSS统计软件,采用回归分析与实证分析方法,研究吸收能力对质量管理实践与创新绩效的影响。结果表明,智能制造背景下,基础质量管理实践和核心质量管理实践对创新绩效正向影响显著;实际吸收能力分别在基础质量管理实践、核心质量管理实践与创新绩效之间具有部分中介效应;潜在吸收能力在基础质量管理实践与创新绩效之间具有显著正向调节效应,但在核心质量管理实践与创新绩效之间起显著反向调节作用。     

Beyond R&D activities: the determinants of firms’ absorptive capacity explaining the access to scientific institutes in low–medium-tech contexts

A firm's search strategy is to use innovation inputs from external sources such as suppliers, clients, competitors, universities and research transfer offices (RTOs) to complement their in-house knowledge. Thus, a firm needs to be capable of identifying and valuing the potential value of certain external knowledge, i.e. absorptive capacity. Most of the studies regarding search patterns are reduced mostly to medium–high- and high-tech industries in which only the level of investment in R&D activities as determinant of a firm's search strategy is considered. In addition, when the flows of external knowledge arise from firm–university interactions, the evidence is still inconclusive, specifically for SMEs and low–medium-tech environments. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to explore the pattern of a firm's search strategy through its absorptive capacity to acquire external flows of knowledge from universities and RTOs. The paper draws especially on the role of non-R&D innovation activities in low–medium-tech sectors. Seven hundred and forty three innovative firms from the Spanish Ministry of Industry are analysed. Results suggest that human resources and other non-R&D activities are the core drivers explaining the cooperation agreements to access external knowledge from universities and RTOs. Surprisingly, R&D expenditures do not contribute to the explanation. This paper presents important implications for policy-makers beyond the classic R&D policies.