Knowledge resources and innovation performance: the mediation of innovation capability moderated by management commitment

This paper examines the process that links knowledge resources to innovation performance. We propose that this relationship is mediated by innovation capability and that management commitment moderates this mediation effect. To measure innovation performance, we create an indicator that summarises the impact of innovation activities on products, processes and sustainability. The sample comprises 9432 firms in different sectors included in the Community Innovation Survey (CIS). The results confirm that knowledge resources not only have a direct positive effect on innovation performance but also an indirect effect by improving the firm's innovation capability. We also confirm the moderating role of management commitment, but with limitations. This research, therefore, throws light on how firms can leverage their knowledge resources to gain a competitive advantage based on innovation.     

产业转移视角下安徽省制造业技术创新效率评价——基于CPM与DEA

利用2009年安徽省制造业各行业的数据,应用突变级数法和数据包络分析法,对安徽省制造业的技术创新效率进行了测评。结果表明:安徽省装备制造业的技术创新效率较高,轻纺工业和原材料产业的技术创新效率相对较低。提出在承接产业转移的重大机遇下,提高制造业各行业的技术创新效率是安徽省"十二五"期间全面提升制造业技术创新水平的关键途径,也是实现安徽省经济社会跨越式发展的重要保障。     

Is newest always best? Firm-level evidence to challenge a focus on high-capability technological (product or process) innovation

This paper sets out to address a gap in the empirical literature on the importance of ‘low-capability’ innovation for firms. The study is framed around discussion of the conceptual bias that remains in policy and academic literature towards a narrow subset of technological (product or process) innovation labelled ‘high-capability’ innovation in this paper. The paper argues that this bias influences the public and business community's understanding of the term ‘innovation’ and has implications for innovation measurement, research, policy and strategy. The study uses data from an economy-wide, regional innovation survey based on the Oslo manual, and includes 648 innovative firms covering all industry sectors. The paper combines elements of both subject and object approaches to innovation measurement, using data from an open-ended survey question to explore the alignment between what firms report as their ‘most important innovation’ (MII) and firm capabilities for introducing ‘high-capability’ technological innovation. Results show that a substantial share of firms report an MII that is a ‘low-capability’ innovation, including those firms with high R&D intensity, those with novel technological innovation, and firms in more innovative sectors of manufacturing and knowledge intensive business services. The paper discusses the implications of this result for future innovation measurement and research.     

嵌入组织因素的生态化技术创新过程模型及其制度结构-功能研究

提出了五维度的生态化技术创新制度分析框架,并进一步推演出包含了11类制度的生态化技术创新制度结构-功能理论框架。     

中国服务创新障碍分析

从国有经济比重过高、行政垄断严重、企业合作关联缺乏、创新具有不确定性、服务创新政策环境建设落后五个方面分析了阻碍中国服务创新的影响因素,提出了相关的对策建议。     

Patterns of innovation diffusion and technological competition in Portuguese manufacturing and service industries

This article uses data from the Portuguese Community Innovation Survey (CIS III) to analyse the inter‐industry heterogeneity in the diffusion of innovations and level of technological competition in Portuguese manufacturing and service industries. The industries are classified with reference to the relationship between the level of participation in innovation and the strategies of innovative firms. Methods of multivariate statistics are used to synthesize the data and to group the observations into subsets. Four distinctive innovation patterns are identified, defined along the following dimensions: output‐orientation of innovation, importance of disembodied innovation, role of technologically advanced innovation and level of innovation opportunities. It is also found that high levels of technological competition tend to occur in sectors with relatively low dimension, productivity and overall investment.     

联盟网络企业创新资源与创新绩效关系实证研究

考察了联盟网络企业中创新资源的维度,分析了不同创新资源与创新绩效间的关系以及影响路径;在对330家联盟网络企业的创新资源状况进行问卷调查的基础上,运用有效调查数据验证了联盟网络企业创新资源与创新绩效之间的关系。实证结果表明,企业有形创新资源和无形创新资源与创新绩效之间存在显著的正相关关系。     

技术路线图概念的拓展与延伸——基于企业创新视角的创新路线图分析

在文献回顾的基础上,归纳分析了技术路线图的局限性,并结合科技实践需求以及系统论、企业战略管理理论、企业创新管理理论等相关理论,阐明了创新路线图概念是技术路线图概念的发展。研究表明:创新路线图是企业创新管理领域的一个新概念,可将之看成是技术路线图概念的拓展与延伸,创新路线图包含的研究要素、运用的工具性方法以及具备的功能用途都多于技术路线图。     

竞争战略与技术创新关系的实证研究

以272家江苏省民营制造企业为研究对象,实证研究了企业的竞争战略与技术创新的关系。研究发现:实施低成本战略的企业进行工艺创新和产品创新的倾向均不明显,实施差异化战略的企业倾向于进行产品创新,实施混合战略的企业进行工艺创新和产品创新的倾向都明显,且实施强度显著高于实施低成本战略和差异化战略的企业;总体来看,所有企业的工艺创新强度都要高于其产品创新强度,产品创新强度整体偏低,这意味着企业转型升级的重点应放在产品创新上。     

技术创新投入结构与创新绩效的关系研究

分别用两位码层面的大类样本和三位码层面的中类样本较系统地研究我国大中型制造业企业技术创新投入结构对创新绩效的影响。研究表明技术创新投入强度结构对创新绩效影响最大;技术创新投入来源结构在中类样本中显著,而在大类样本中不显著;技术创新投入应用源结构在中类样本中不显著,而在大类样本中显著。企业规模对创新绩效影响不显著,而行业规模在中类样本中影响显著而在大类样本中影响不显著。本文的研究结论具有一定的理论价值和较强的实践指导意义。     

科技金融支持科技创新力度研究——以山东省为例

科技创新与科技金融相结合,是建设自主创新型国家战略规划的需求,是提升科技创新水平和深化金融改革的必要选择。利用索洛余值法测算山东省科技创新水平,实证分析科技金融对科技创新的支持力度,结果表明,山东省是银行主导型科技金融模式,政府财政科技投入与商业银行信贷资金是科技创新能力提升的原因,而资本市场资金并不是科技创水平提升的原因,据此提出完善山东省科技金融体系的相关政策建议。     

技术融合对现代制造企业创新绩效的影响：知识基的中介效用

新兴产业普遍呈现出技术融合的趋势,融合创新已经成为把握产业未来发展先机的重要方式,提升响应技术融合的能力是现代制造业企业持续创新亟需考虑的问题。基于技术融合的专利网络特征归结出实践中的三类技术融合形式,应用负二项回归模型对我国汽车制造业上市公司财报和专利数据进行实证分析,探索技术融合对企业创新绩效的影响。研究发现,制造企业实施中介、接近、聚类三类技术融合均有助于提升创新绩效。同时,影响过程伴随着企业知识基的显著中介效用。特别是,中介效用中知识基的宽度对聚类技术融合的影响和知识基的深度对接近技术融合的影响更为强烈。为优化技术融合策略和提升创新绩效提供了企业管理层面的有益参考。     

管理创新能力调节下技术创新能力对企业绩效的影响

旨在检验技术创新能力、管理创新能力及企业绩效之间的关系。通过梳理相关文献,并利用企业调研数据,提出了技术创新能力对企业绩效有正影响、管理创新能力对该影响过程起正向调节作用的假设。在此基础上,构建了理论模型,并以我国高新技术上市公司为研究对象,运用SPSS软件对上述假设进行实证检验。检验结果显示:技术创新能力对企业绩效有显著的正向影响;管理创新能力对技术创新能力与企业绩效间的关系有显著的正向调节作用。     

Demand and innovation in productivity growth

The labour productivity impact of demand and innovation is investigated in this paper combining insights from the Kaldorian and Schumpeterian traditions. After a review of studies in such traditions, a general model is proposed for explaining productivity growth in European manufacturing and service industries in the late 1990s, followed by two distinct specifications for the industries oriented toward product innovation, and for those where process innovation dominates. The empirical analysis is based on the match of the SIEPI‐CIS2 database developed at the University of Urbino and Eurostat Input–Output Tables at the industry level, for 22 manufacturing sectors and 10 services sectors. Six European countries are considered: Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and the United Kingdom. The results show that productivity growth in European industries can be explained by a combination of technology factors and demand dynamics, confirming the complementarity of technology and demand effects. On the demand side, household consumption emerges as the most pervasive component of demand, able to stimulate greater efficiency in all manufacturing and service industries. Investment also has a role, focused however on the capital goods producing industries. On the technology side, the mechanisms of productivity growth are fundamentally different in the industries oriented towards product innovation and in those dominated by process innovation. This evidence supports the view that innovation in firms and industries can be associated to two contrasting strategies, searching either for technological competitiveness, through knowledge generation, product innovation and expansion of new markets, or aiming at greater cost competitiveness, through job reductions, labour saving investment, flexibility and restructuring.     

我国各区域企业绿色技术创新绩效比较研究

介绍了企业绿色技术创新的概念及其绩效度量方法,并运用因子分析法对我国30个省(自治区、直辖市)的企业绿色技术创新绩效进行了比较分析。结果发现:我国各省区的企业绿色技术创新活动发展并不均衡;部分地区的工业企业绿色技术创新状况与当地的经济发展基础、经济发展水平并未呈现出一致性。     

技术创新与循环农业发展

发展循环农业是一场技术范式的革命,需要以高新科技作为技术保护.尽管我国从20世纪90年代初就引入了循环经济的思想,然而,发展循环农业却是近两年的事情。本文认为,循环农业技术创新是其持续发展的必要条件：文章根据农业技术创新原理,论述了在我国循环农业现有技术和循环农业技术创新实践的基础上,加快我国循环农业技术创新的主要方面：     

创新管理及未来展望

指出研究者们从不同视角理解创新的内在规律以及过程,提出技术经济学科应继续将创新作为学科研究重点,并引入多学科的研究视角。梳理了创新管理的发展趋势,即从产品创新和工艺创新走向商业模式创新、从封闭创新走向开放创新乃至协同创新、从渐进式创新走向突破型创新、从基于技术的创新走向基于科学的创新、从国家创新体系走向创新生态系统建设。     

产业技术创新战略联盟冲突对联盟企业创新绩效的影响

将产业技术创新战略联盟中的冲突划分为联盟过程冲突、联盟任务冲突和联盟关系冲突,提出3种类型的冲突与联盟企业创新绩效间影响关系的假设,并利用调研数据对假设进行验证。实证结果表明:联盟过程冲突和关系冲突总体上对联盟企业的创新绩效具有阻碍作用;任务冲突对联盟企业的创新绩效具有双向的影响作用。     

我国重点工业企业技术创新能力建设的问题与对策

在对我国12家重点工业企业进行实地调研的基础上,归纳出我国重点工业企业技术创新能力建设要关注的6个问题:企业创新主体地位有待进一步加强;企业核心技术创新能力的提高难以取得突破性进展;产业链创新能力的建立难以突破;国内市场需求促进企业技术创新能力面临深化问题;技术创新国际化面临严峻挑战;人才问题成为制约企业技术创新能力提升的重要瓶颈。然后,从供给导向、需求导向和创新环境建设三个方面提出政策建议。     

Competitive strategies,innovation, and firm performance: an empirical study in a developing economy environment

This paper studies the relationships between competitive strategies, innovation, and firm performance within the context of Turkish manufacturing companies. The data were collected from top management of the firms via Computer Assistant Telephone Interviewing method. One hundred and forty manufacturing firms operating in various sectors including textile, automotive supply, computer and electronics provide the basis for this empirical research. In order to test our model, we employ structural equation modelling using partial least squares. The results show that competitive strategies such as cost-leadership and differentiation can lead to innovation, which, in turn, increase firm performance. Managers implement cost-leadership and differentiation strategies to take part in competitive market conditions; however, they should put additional importance on innovation that plays a significant role as a bridge between competitive strategies and firm performance.