面向可持续发展的整合产品政策思想

整合产品政策(IPP),是一种着眼于持续改进产品生命周期,全过程环境累积影响的策略组合。它要求所有与产品生产和消费相关的生产商、行政机关、消费者及非政府组织密切合作,尽可能利用市场机制,在不降低社会消费水平的前提下,达到可持续生产和消费。欧盟许多国家已经制定,并实施13一系列整合产品政策工具。IPP的影响力已不仅涉及欧洲国家自己的产品,也波及欧洲产品的进出口市场。     

Economic Systems, Child Rearing Practices and Personality Development

A bstract . Traditional Weberian theory posits that the values inherent in particular religious ideologies give rise, at least in some societies, to attitudes predisposing individuals towards a particular type of economic organization. In conjunction with this, McClelland postulates that socialization practices mediate and inculcate religious values in such a way that certain economic attitudes and behavior patterns emerge in adulthood; certain practices result in a motivational predisposition such as need achievement. However, recent research indicates that, in evolving societies, the economic-ecological variables strongly influence the types of child rearing practices used and the parentally-instilled values and ideology. Thus, personality predispositions and personal values depend, to a large extent, upon the economic structure and occupational roles of the society. As society increases in social-structural and technological complexity , the relationship between personal values and the economic institution becomes reciprocal.     

After-Life Consumption and Charitable Giving

Abstract . Most studies of charitable giving only examine total charitable contributions. This paper finds that contributions to religious organizations should be studied separately from contributions to nonreligious organizations. The results are consistent with theoretical predictions that religious giving is fundamentally different from nonreligious giving. Religious giving is assumed to directly influence after‐life consumption, while nonreligious giving is not related to after‐life consumption. While contributions to both increase with income, contributions to religious organizations also increase with age. There is no relationship between age and contributions to nonreligious organizations. Also, as income rises, religious contributions fall as a share of total giving.     

THE FORMING OF SPATIAL PATTERNS OF CONSUMPTION IN TAIPEI: Some Observations in a Third-World Metropolis

This paper argues that traditional central place theory is problematic because it (1) treats a central place system as a self-contained system isolated from the rest of the world and immune from outside disturbance; (2) regards spatial structure as a product of laws of economics, consumer behavior and demography, but never of socio-cultural forces; and (3) tries to depict the hierarchical structure of tertiary activities as a static situation. The paper then proceeds to view the formation of metropolitan spatial structures from the perspectives of (1) dependency development, and (2) as a top-down development process open to the outside influence of international cultural flows, which sustain commodity diversification and symbolic consumption, both essential to the capitalist global economy. To illustrate how this cultural process takes place and helps change the spatial structure of a third-world metropolis, a case study of the permeation of McDonald's hamburger stores in the Taipei metropolis is reported in the third part of the paper. It concludes that the spatial structure is a result of both economic and socio-cultural forces and processes, and that the provider of a culturally effective commodity is also a shaping force in the mass consumption society. When a corporation promotes a new product image or diffuses its services, it is culturally preparing the society for the next step in the endless course of symbolic consumption and, therefore, of spatial restructuring.     

理想国的现代政治思考

柏拉图是西方著名政治思想家,其一生致力于理想国家的探索和追求,其代表作《理想国》便集中地体现了他的政治理想。我们今天可以从政治发展的角度,审视他的德法兼治的思想以及城邦公民的公民精神,以期对中国当前和谐社会的建设提供有益的借鉴。     

浅析如何加强当代大学生正确的价值取向培养

中国特色社会主义共同理想是社会主义核心价值体系的主题及核心内容,集中体现了全体中国人民的共同价值目标,"社会主义核心价值体系的‘核心’和关键是其中的理想和信念问题,马克思主义指导思想和中国特色社会主义理想决定社会主义核心价值体系性质。"而大学生这一重要群体是中国现代化建设的重要力量,大学生是中国现代化的未来,也关系着我国全面建设小康社会和社会主义和谐社会宏伟目标的顺利实现。加强当代大学生正确的价值取向,这对实现中华民族的伟大复兴,具有重大的意义。     

延安精神视域下大学生理想信念教育

延安精神是中华民族精神的升华与革命精神的结晶,是中国共产党和中国人民永恒的精神财富。青年大学生是我国未来经济社会发展、社会主义事业的建设者和接班人。在改革开放的潮浪中,他们的生活不同程度的受一些社会不良因素的影响,依托延安精神对当代青年大学生进行理想信念教育,对于他们树立坚定的共产主义理想信念和正确的思想政治方向,具有重要的现实意义和深远的历史意义。     

How can manufacturers make decisions on product appearance design? A research on optimal design based on customers’ emotional satisfaction

With changing customer attitudes toward consumption and function homogenization, product appearance designs have an increasing influence on the purchase decision. Customer characteristics and emotional factors play an important role here. This study proposes a novel approach for modelling satisfaction and accomplishing a configuration that overcomes the limitations of conventional methods to precisely predict satisfaction, provide optimal product recommendations, and advise manufacturers on product appearance design. The newly proposed approach considers satisfaction, clusters customers through the Kansei perspective, and constructs a satisfaction model for each cluster. Additionally, the study employs data mining to understand the basic design principles and conflicted combinations that must be followed and avoided, respectively. The bidirectional association rules-constrained genetic algorithm is presented to limit configuration freedom, ensuring that results are in the range of control. Comparing prediction errors and recommended sample votes between the novel and conventional approaches revealed the presented approach’s efficiency and accuracy, thereby providing suggestions for manufacturers to make precise decisions on launching new product appearance designs through predicting customer emotional satisfaction.     

Competing for the Public Through the News Media

Interest groups seek to influence economic activity through public and private politics. Public politics takes place in the arena of public institutions, whereas private politics takes place outside public institutions often in the arena of public sentiment. Private politics refers to action by interest groups directed at private parties, as in the case of an activist group launching a campaign against a firm. This paper presents a model of informational competition between an activist and an industry, where both interest groups seek to influence public sentiment and do so by advocating their positions through the news media. Citizen consumers make both a private consumption decision and a collective choice on the regulation of a product that has an externality associated with it. In the absence of the news organization, the collective choice is not to regulate. The activist and the industry obtain private, hard information on the seriousness of the externality and provide favorable information to the news media and may conceal unfavorable information. The news media can conduct investigative journalism to obtain its own information, and based on that information and the information it has received from its sources, provides a news report to the public. Because of its role in society, the media has an incentive to bias its report, and the direction of bias is toward regulation. Its bias serves to mitigate both market failure by decreasing demand and a government failure by shifting votes in favor of regulation. The activist then has incentive to conceal information unfavorable to its interests, whereas the industry fully reveals its information.     

探析英语中的性别歧视语

英语中的性别歧视语是性别歧视的观念在英语语言中的反映。它与宗教、文化及女性在社会中的分工角色等方面密不可分。本文从英语中性别歧视语的现象入手,分析其根源并提出了一些规避方法。     

西安市高校女大学生体育消费的情况调查与分析

本文运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等研究方法对西安市高校女大学生参与体育消费的现状进行了调查和研究,分析了西安市女大学生体育消费的动机、消费内容和影响因素,并提出了相应的对策,以促进女大学生体育消费水平的发展。     

A female ghetto? Women's careers in call centres

Although several studies have shown that women make up the majority of the call centre workforce, their role and position in this new and expanding industry has not yet been examined. This article makes a contribution to the research gap by exploring the extent and nature of the career opportunities open to women within call centres. Current portrayals of call centre work appear to indicate that these new workplaces offer very little in the way of either job satisfaction or potential for career progression. Indeed, on the basis of existing research evidence it could be concluded that call centres represent little more than female job ‘ghettos’. The article assesses this claim by drawing on women's own accounts of their work experiences and their perceptions of their prospects.     

Monopolistic Competition and Public Good Provision with By‐Product Firms

I develop a model in which the voluntary contributions mechanism for the provision of public goods totally breaks down in a large society. A by‐product firm sells a private good and uses its profits to provide a public good. By‐product firms compete with for‐profit firms in a monopolistically competitive industry. If the number of by‐product firms is proportional to the size of the society, then public good provision rises without bound as the society grows large. This stands in strong contrast to the results under the voluntary contributions mechanism.     

FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN EARLY ISLAM

The absence of female leaders in business and public life is conspicuous in Islamic societies. One explanation may be that Islam imposes legal and social inequality on men and women. However, a comparison of female entrepreneurship in pre‐Islamic society and in Mohammed's era shows that women occupied leadership roles before and after the establishment of Islam. Mohammed's wives were commercially astute, and Mohammed and his contemporaries respected the rights of women to make decisions regarding finances, matrimony and religious affiliation. The right of women to assume public leadership roles is compatible with Islam.     

The role of sustainable environment attributes in luxury product perceptions: Evidence from an emerging market

The social responsibility aspect of the luxury product concept has recently started to receive more attention from researchers and practitioners. However, the luxury product perceptions measurement in the literature often does not incorporate the sustainable environment friendly dimensions of the luxury goods consumption. Therefore in this study, we attempt to investigate the role of sustainable environment benefits in consumers’ value perceptions of the luxury products. Data for the study was collected from n?=?218 female consumers who were shopping in high-end luxury apparel retailers located in exclusive shopping centers in Turkey. Study results show four dimensions (exclusiveness, normative beliefs, self-directed pleasure, and social/prestige) of luxury goods perceptions of female Turkish consumers. Practical and research implications of the study findings are presented.     

文化消费与国民休闲娱乐研究

文化产业在社会的发展中一直占据重要地位,既满足大众日益增长的精神需求,也推动着我国主流意识形态的形成和发展。文化消费的疲软与我国GDP增长放缓息息相关。面对竞争日趋激烈的全球经济市场,我国的文化产业要把握机遇迎接挑战,充分把握其独特属性和特殊功能。     

略论宗教人生理想与现实人生

本文通过对宗教理想和人生理想的本质和内容进行对照分析,对今天培养我们的人生理想具有一定的借鉴作用,尤其是对于提高我们的自我修养观有一定的现实意义。     

浅谈如何做好高职高专院校的辅导员工作

随着2006年3月我校被国家教育部批准为普通高等医学专科院校以来,我校的辅导员工作便进入一个新的阶段。高校是人才的摇篮,高校教育工作者肩负着重大的责任,高校的学生辅导员正扮演着越来越重要的角色。辅导员是高等学校全面负责班级学生思想、学习、生活等工作的教师,是班级的组织者、领导者和教育者,是学校办学思想的贯彻者,是联系班级任课教师和学生团队组织的纽带,是沟通学校、家长和社会的桥梁。在班级管理中,辅导员扮演着多重角色,担负着多种责任,发挥着特殊的作用,辅导员工作的优劣直接影响到学生的成长。辅导员作为大学教师队伍中的一个特殊群体,在整个教书育人的大环境里,在完成高等教育,为社会培养全面、合格的有用人才起着重要作用。     

Humor roles of females in a product color matrix: a qualitative conceptual development

Many studies have sought to understand the functional impact of humor in advertising, psychology, and communication. Doctors and other healthcare providers may use humor to treat mental health conditions and for easing stress. This is because humor acts as a tonic in reducing anxiety and resolving conflict. Because of similar benefits, humor is a suitable message medium in advertising. This research specifically examines the relationships among product types, female depictions and humor in its broad use in advertising. The objective is to identify compelling, contemporary and humorous female depictions in advertising. Further, it is to conceptualize how humor can be used to successfully classify a product as fitting into one of the four categories of the product color matrix. The results can offer an idealization for marketing managers and consumers to help them understand how female role depictions can be effectively used with humor in ads. The four propositions developed herein are derived from related literature, through the identification of marketing strategy formulations that achieve product memory enhancement by adopting humor mechanisms properly matched with female role depictions.