"熟人社会"背景下公共管理改革模式探析

"熟人社会"现象是我国历史延续至今的社会问题.这一现象对我国公共管理产生的深远影响以及由此导致的各种管理困境阻碍了我国公共管理的进程.我国政府及其政府公务人员应该抛弃延续已久的管理手段和方式,积极采取更先进的管理模式来避免"熟人社会"这一现象对公共管理产生的不良影响.     

新公共管理体制下政府会计理论体系研究概论

20世纪70年代末期,西方资本主义国家的政府职能和规模不断扩张,并且面临"滞涨"的困境,导致其普遍陷入了信任危机.为了维护社会稳定,适应公共管理环境在经济全球化的局势下发生的巨大变化,追求经济效益的最大化,"新公共管理"体制开始逐渐兴起.虽然其在理论上方兴未艾,但是它对于我国的改革开放和现代化建设中的政府机构改革具有相当积极的意义.     

新公共管理理论对环保管理体制改革的借鉴意义

新公共管理理论作为在西方首先兴起的政府性质的改革运动,也被称为"新公共管理轮动",随着社会经济的快速发展,新公共管理理论已经成为现代政府新型管理模式的理论基础,对我国政府的管理体制也有着深远的影响.目前,我国将生态环保问题摆在突出位置,因此本文将主要研究探讨新公共管理理论对环保管理体制改革的影响和启示.     

对我国农村公共物品“供给困境”的思考——以甘肃某茶叶专业化村为例

我国农村公共物品供给一直存在供给总量不足与供给结构不合理并存的问题,这种现象被称为我国农村公共物品的"供给困境"。文章以甘肃省某村为例,对我国农村公共物品"供给困境"的现状和成因进行理论分析,并提出对策建议,以期能为破解我国农村公共物品"供给困境"提供参考。     

我国公共环境政策困境破解研究——以“限塑令”实施遇阻为例

公共环境政策涉及千家万户,关乎每一位公众的切身利益。"限塑令"实施已满十周年,十年间关于"限塑令"实施成效的争议不断。"限塑令"实施遇阻固然是新老问题叠加所致,但背后所折射出的公共环境政策困境却不容忽视。在总结回顾"限塑令"实施十年成效的基础上,深入剖析"限塑令"实施遇阻所折射出的我国公共环境政策困境,主要包括政府主导型环境管理模式面临"三重失灵"、有偿使用制度设计存在明显弊端、执行监管机制设计存在明显弊端,进而从完善公共环境政策制定和实施体制、完善公共环境政策中的有偿使用制度、提高生态环境监管的精度和准度、加强公共环境政策执行主体建设这四个层面提出破解我国公共环境政策困境的建议。     

中国公共冲突治理的困境与破解

在中国社会转型过程中,政府面临越来越多的公共冲突,甚至演变为尖锐的暴力对抗,对社会稳定构成严重威胁。针对中国公共冲突治理的现实困境,在对公共管理的冲突解决机制和公共冲突治理中公共管理者角色深入分析的基础上,提出了中国公共冲突治理困境的破解方略。     

对我国地方政府社会管理创新的理论考察

推进社会管理创新是我国和谐社会建设的重要主题。在对我国地方政府在社会管理创新过程所衍生的“刚性稳定”思维、嵌入监管效果弱、非正式制度运用匮乏、社工队伍建设系统提升以及社会组织的限制性困境与适应性创新等问题剖析的基础上，提出我国地方政府的社会管理创新应寻求从刚性管理向柔性管理的转化，探索从分类控制向嵌入监管的转化，发挥非正式制度与正式制度的协同效能，强化制度系统功能耦合及后续发展能力，以社会政策来夯实社会管理创新基础以及培育公共精神来缝合政治话语与生活话语。     

官僚制的困境与政府治理模式的创新

官僚制是政府治理的一种组织形式.在工业社会时期,官僚制曾经发挥过重要作用.但在信息社会,官僚制正面临深刻的危机,官僚制内部信息结构和激励结构的困境是引起危机的根源.在世界范围内兴起的"新公共管理"运动就是对这一危机的反应,政府治理模式的创新实际上就是对官僚制所作的改革.     

新公共管理体制下政府会计理论体系研究概论

20世纪70年代末期，西方资本主义国家的政府职能和规模不断扩张，并且面临“滞涨”的困境，导致其普遍陷入了信任危机。为了维护社会稳定，适应公共管理环境在经济全球化的局势下发生的巨大变化，追求经济效益的最大化，“新公共管理”体制开始逐渐兴起。虽然其在理论上方兴未艾，但是它对于我国的改革开放和现代化建设中的政府机构改革具有相当积极的意义。     

浅议新公共管理视角下公务员职业生涯规划设计

20世纪80年代世界范围内出现了以发达国家为主的"改革政府""重塑政府角色"改革潮流,新公共管理理论也在这一背景下诞生。公务员职业生涯的规划对于强化公务员个人素质有着重要意义,但是在传统行政制度的影响下,公务员职业生涯规划的推进还面临困境。文章主要基于新公共管理理论,探讨公务员职业生涯规划的设计。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Payment Systems in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inter-enterprise arrears in economies in transition

In the context of economies in transition, the paper argues that an excessive liquidity squeeze could throw the economy into a persistent state of low economic activity. In such bad equilibrium, enterprise transactions become largely demonetized, with a chain of arrears, a form of involuntary credit, spreading over the entire system. The empirical analysis of the Romanian experience seems to support the view advanced in the paper.     

Issues in Childcare Policy in Australia

This article assesses the feasibility and desirability of a universal scheme of early childhood education for Australian children aged 3 and 4 years old.